270 
Identity of the Toramdnas of E ran and Kashmir. [No. 3, 
reserved as a royalty ; and Toramana is known to have coined 
copper for we shall presently shew that a Toramana did strike 
gold without assuming the imperial purple, and that his copper coin§, 
are still extant, not to advert to the privilege of coining held by 
the Caesars or younger Eajas of Rome. 
The inscriptions are most provokingly silent as to the antecedents 
of the two sovereigns, and the epithet Gupta is almost the only 
voucher* to the assumption that Budha belonged to the race of 
Chandragupta Vikramaditya. Of Toramana there is not even that 
unsatisfactory clue. Prinsep threw out only a conjecture when he 
called him a king of Saurastra,+ and Messrs. Lassen, J Cunningham§ 
and Thomas|| make him a successor of Budhagupta in Ougein on 
no better grounds. “ As the celebrated hill of Udayagiri is men- 
tioned in the Gwalior inscription, there can be no doubt” says, 
Col. Cunningham, “ of the identity of the two Toramanas” i. e. 
of the Gwalior and Eran inscriptions. The similiarity of the cha- 
racters (Gupta) of the two records may he taken, ad valorem, as a 
proof in support of the identity, and the circumstances of the country 
between the Jumna and the Nurbudda being mentioned in the Eran 
record, and Udayagiri being situated within that country, may he 
assumed as another and a strong one in its favour ; still the evidence, 
it must be admitted, is not conclusive. It is quite within the 
range of possibility that there should he two kings of the same name 
* Tlie only other is the mention of Fo ttio tckito as one of the Guptas by 
Hwan Thsang, Ante, XVII. p. 487. 
+ Not, as it has been supposed, by the misapprehension of a word in the 
inscription, which Mr. Hall (Ante p. 18) has read sansurabhu. It would be a 
presumption on our part to question the reading of one who lias the evidence of 
his own eyes to support it, and yet we feel disposed to think that Mr. Hall’s reading 
is the offspring of an illusion. The particle Sam is seldom if ever used before 
other than a verb or a participial noun ; Panini says that prefixes of the class 
Gati (which includes Sam) should be used before verbal roots only (q SfTJ^niu: 
^|a icto Bohtlingk I. p. 51.) It is not at all likely, therefore, that the writer of the 
inscription should have so sinned against grammar-, as to put the particle before 
the noun sura, and produce the dubious epithet of sam “ with,” sura “ a god,” 
and b hu “ land,” Mr. Prinsep’s reading is samsuratam, from sam “ with” or 
“ altogether” su — “ well” and rata “ pleased,” i. e. a country the people of which 
were well pleased with its government. Such an epithet appears much more 
appropriate than the amendment of Mr. Hall. 
J Indische AHerthumsleunde, II. p. 751. 
§ Bhilsa Topes , 163. 
|| Journal El. As. Soc. XII. p. 71. et ante XXIV. p. 515. 
•If The allusion is made with reference to Budhagupta, and not Toramana, 
whose dominion has not been defined. 
