1861.] Identity of the Toramams of Hr an and Kashmir. 271 
at different times in the same country, and that inscriptions should 
he found in the same character hearing their names in a manner, so 
as to appear that they were productions of one reign. But I believe 
it will be readily admitted that the arguments in favour of the 
identity of the two Toramanas are stronger than those against it ; 
and if that identity be admitted, I think, we shall find a clue to the 
antecedents of our monarch which, for purposes of Indian history, 
may not be altogether worthless. 
The Gwalior inscription was put up in the 15th year of the reign 
of Pashupati, son of Toramana, and at about the time when the 
Toramana of Eran flourished i. e. about the end of the 5th century 
A. C. there lived a king of the same name in Kashmir, and the name 
of his son was Pravarasena alias Pashupati. The question hence 
arises are the two Pashupatis identical ? Both are descendants of 
the solar race ; both are said to be the sons of Toramana ; both 
lived at about the same time, and both had considerable influence in 
central India. According to the history of Kashmir, Pravara was 
the fourth in a direct line from Meghavahana, the founder of the 
Gonardya dynasty. The second monarch of the line was Sreshtha- 
sena* whose two sons Hiranya and Toramana succeeded him on his 
death. The latter, like Caesar, was never the rightful occupant of 
a throne, hut having been an able and intriguing prince, he long 
exercised sovereign powers. Kalhanaf says that he suppressed the 
ancient coinage of the country which was known by the name of 
Balahat, and issued a gold dinar which continued for a long time 
to he the standard coin of his race. Specimens of this currency 
are not now extant, but the number and variety of his copper coins 
attest the high influence which the prince exercised in his bro- 
ther’s dominions. That influence did not, however, save him from 
an untimely death in a prison, to which he was consigned for his 
presumption in striking coins in his own name during the life- 
time of his liege lord. Pravara alias Pashupati was the only son 
of Toramana. He was horn in the house of a potter when his 
father was in prison, and was brought up under the care of his 
* In Thomas’s Prinsep, vol. II. p. 244, evidently by a misapprehension of the 
term “grandfather,” this king is said to have Pravarasena for his alias. Ac- 
cording to the history of Kashmir, it was from the name of his maternal, and 
not paternal, grandfather, that Pravara son of Toramana assumed his' name. 
t Troyer’s Histoire des Kois de Kachmir, II, p, 137. 
