Notes and Comments. 
203 
ments are given to show that the evidence for the existence 
of the St. Bees Sandstone at the bottom of the Abbeytown and 
Bowness borings is quite inconclusive, and the fact is im- 
probable. The view adopted by the Geological Survey map 
as the alternative to Mr. Holmes’s conclusion, that the area 
west and north-west of Carlisle consists of Keuper deposits, 
is also improbable, the rocks thus identified being the Gypseous 
Shales above the Penrith Sandstone. 
ANOTHER IMPORTANT LINK 
At the same meeting Dr. A. Smith Woodward read a paper 
on ‘ The Lower Jaw of an Anthropoid Ape ’ ( Dryopithecus ) 
from the Upper Miocene of Lerida (Spain). He described and 
discussed the greater part of a mandibular ramus and sym- 
physis of Dryopithecus jontani, lent to him by Prof. L. M. Vidal, 
of Barcelona. The specimen was found in association with 
the Hipparion fauna at Seo de Urgel, in the Province of Lerida 
(Northern Spain). It is, therefore, the latest jaw of an An- 
thropoid Ape hitherto discovered in Europe, although probably 
contemporaneous with the isolated Anthropoid teeth from the 
Bohnerz of Wurtemburg and the well-known Anthropoid 
femur from the Sands of Eppelsheim (Hesse-Darmstadt). 
The relatively small size of the first molar is to be regarded as 
a primitive character, lost in all modern Anthropoids except 
some Gibbons. The shape of the mandibular symphysis is 
almost remarkably primitive, with the surface of insertion for 
the digastric muscle nearly as large as that of the ancestral 
Macaques (for instance, Meso pith ecus). The anterior face of 
the symphysis slopes directly upwards from the front edge of 
this insertion, as in the Macaques, some Gibbons, and very 
young individuals of the Chimpanzee, Gorilla, and Orang. 
It thus differs considerably from the mandibular symphviss in 
adult individuals of these existing Apes, in which the lower 
portion of the slope curves backwards into a more or less 
well-defined flange or shelf of bone, while the digastric insertion 
is reduced in extent. The mandibular symphysis of Dryo- 
pithecus is, indeed, intermediate in shape between that of the 
Upper Miocene or Lower Pliocene Mesopithecus and the Lower 
Pleistocene Homo heidelbergensis. So far as its lower jaw is 
concerned, Dryopithecus is, therefore, a generalized form from 
which modern Anthropoid Apes and Man may have diverged 
in two different directions. 
SCANDINAVIAN DRIFT OF THE DURHAM COAST. 
At another meeting of the same Society, Mr. C. T. Trech- 
mann summarized observations carried out for some time on 
the superficial deposits of South-East Durham and the lower 
Tees Valley. Evidence relating to the pre-Glacial levels and 
1914 July 1 . 
