OF ORNAMENTAL PERENNIALS. 
83 
1.— CHEIRANTHUS CHEIRI, Lin. THE COMMON WALL-FLOWER. 
SvNON-KME. — C. fruticulosus, Lin. 
Engravings.— Eng. Bot. 1. 1934 ; and our ^^«. 4 and 5 in Plate 19. 
Specific Chaiuctbr. — Leaves lanceolate, quite entire, covered with 
two-parted, adpressed hairs, or smooth ; siliqueslinear ; lobes of stigma 
recurved. 
Description, &c. — Few plants are greater favourites than the common Wall-flower, and none give greater 
cheerfulness to a garden ; not only in spring and summer, when the plants are in flower, but in winter, when 
the evergreen leaves of the plants take away the bare and naked appearance of empty flower-beds. The flowers 
vary from pale yellow to a rich dark purple, and an equally rich deep crimson or blood-colour ; and they are 
double, semi-double, or single. There is a kind called the French Wall-flower, which has purple flowers ; and 
another called Harlequin, with rich dark purple flowers, and the leaves edged with pale yellow, which I saw in 
the spring of 1842 in Norman's nursery at Brighton. The Eussian and German wall-flowers, like their annual 
stocks, are very much admired, and seed of them is sent every year to England. All the kinds are usually 
propagated by seed, which is ripened freely, and which may be sown either in spring or autumn for flowering 
the next year. When the young plants appear, they should be thinned, transplanted, and otherwise treated like 
young stocks, and they will flower splendidly. Some botanists divide the wall-flowers into two species, viz. 
those which are quite herbaceous, with an elongated raceme of deep yellow or reddish flowers, which they call 
C. Cheiri, and those which are shrubby at the base, with yellow, corymbose flowers, which they call C, fruti- 
eulotus. Choice kinds may be propagated by cuttings, which root readily in sand. 
OTHER SPECIES OF CHEIRANTHUS. 
C. ALPINUS, Lin. 
A beautiful plant, with clusters of yellow, sweet-scented flowers, generally grown in pots, or on rock work. 
It flowers from April till July. It is a native of Lapland and Norway, whence it was introduced in 1820. 
C. OCHROLEUCUS, Hall. 
A native of the Alps of Switzerland, among rocks and stones ; introduced in 1819. The flowers are pale 
yellow, and the plant is procumbent. 
CHAPTER VIII. 
VIOLACE^. 
Character of the Order. — Sepals S, equal, or unequal. Corolla 
spurred, of 5 petals, regular or irregular. Stamens 5, perigynous. 
Filaments drawn out each into a scale beyond the anther ; two of the 
filaments in the irregular flowers are furnished with an appendage each, 
which is drawn within the spur. Capsule one-celled, three-valved, 
many-sided. Placentas three, parietal. 
Description, &c. — The only hardy plants in this order are those contained in the genus Viola. 
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