OF ORNAMENTAL PERENNIALS. I57 
flower-buds. The seeds of the lupine were eaten by the ancients, though they are so bitter, that Virgil calls them 
tristes lupini, from the dismal faces made by those who ate them. Almost all the kinds of lupine grown in gardens 
are ornamental, and they are of various kinds and colours. Some are annuals, some perennials, and some shrubs. 
1.— LUPINUS PERENNIS, Lin. THE PERENNIAL LUPINE. 
Engraving. — Bot. Mag. t. 202. 1 leaflets 8 — 9, lanceolate, mucronulate, rather villous beneath ; root 
Specific Characteh. — Herbaceous ; flowers alternate, pedicellate, creeping. (G. Don.) 
bnicteolate ; upper lip of calyx somewhat emarginate, lower one entire ; | 
Description, &c. — This was the first perennial lupine known, and hence its name, which has now become 
no distinction, as so many perennial lupines are now known. This species is a native of Virginia, whence it was 
introduced before 1658. It was first cultivated in the Botanic Garden, Oxford, and was greatly admired, though 
it would now excite little attention, as its flowers are small, and of a pale blueish purple which has rather a dingy 
or faded look. It is quite hardy, but it succeeds best in a dry situation, in a moderately stiff loam. It has 
remarkably deep and spreading roots, and is best propagated by seed. 
2.— LUPINUS ARBOREUS, Sims. THE TREE-LUPINE. 
Engravings Bot. Mag. t. 682 ; Bot. Reg. 1838, t. 32 ; and our 
Jiff. 3 in Plate 37. 
Specific Character. — Suff"rutico8e. Flowers somewhat verticillate, 
pedicellate, without bracteoles ; both lips of tlic calyx entire. Keel 
ciliated on the inside. Leaflets lanceolate, linear, acute, pubescent 
beneath. (G. Don.) 
Description, &c. — This species is, properly speaking, a shrub, but it is only woody towards the base. It 
was formerly treated as a greenhouse plant, but it stands out quite well, and there was some years ago a bud of 
it in the open ground, in the botanic garden at Oxford, more than six feet high. It seldom however lives more 
than two or three years, unless trained against a wall. It was introduced in 1793 from South America, but it 
has been since found in great abundance in California. It may be propagated by cuttings, but the first plants 
are raised from seeds which it ripens in abundance, and seedling plants flower the second year. 
3.— LUPINUS NOOTKATENSIS, Sims. THE NOOTKA-SOUND LUPINE. 
Engravings. — Bot. Mag. t. 1311, and t. 2136 j and our Jig. 4 in pedicellate, without bracteoles; both tips of calyx entire; leaflets 7 — 
Plate 37. 8, obovate-lanceolate, hairy as well as the stems. (G. Don.) 
Specific Character. — Herbaceous ; flowers rather verticillate. 
Description, &c. — This lupine bears considerable resemblance to the common perennial lupine, but the 
flowers are larger, and of a deeper colour. It is quite hardy, and will grow in any soil or situation, but it is not 
suitable for small gardens, as it grows to a large size with coarse robust foliage. The whole plant is very hairy. 
The flowers vary considerably in different plants, and there is one distinct variety, the stem of which is quite 
shrubby. It is a native of the country near Nootka Sound, whence it was introduced in 1794. It is propagated 
by division of the root, cuttings, or seeds. 
4.— LUPINUS POLYPHYLLUS, Douglas. THE MANY-LEAVED LUPINE. 
without bracteoles, pedicellate ; leaflets eleven t o fifteen, lanceolate, 
hairy beneath, both lips of calyx quite entire ; stems pilose. 
{G.Don.) 
Description, &c. — This splendid lupine is now become so common that we can hardly conceive how gardens 
must have looked without it, though it is not yet quite twenty years since seeds of it were first sent to this 
Variety. — L. p. 2 albiflorus Lindl. 
Engravings.— Bot. Reg. t. 1096, and of the variety, t. 1377. 
Specific Character. — Herbaceous ; flowers rather verticillate, 
