OF ORNAMENTAL PERENNIAIA 173 
CHAPTER XXIII. 
RUBIACE^. 
Character of the Order.— Tube of the calyx adhering to the 
ovary ; limb variable ; lobes equal in number to the petals. Corolla 
gamopetalous, inserted in the calyx ; usually with a 4 or 5-lobcd limb ; 
the lobes twisted or valvate in sestivation. Stamens equal in number 
to the segments of the corolla ; alternating with them, and more or 
less adnate to its tube. Ovary usually two or many celled ; crowned 
by a fleshy urceolus, or the limb of the calyx. — Style one; stigmas 
usually two, distinct. ( G. Don.) 
Descbiption, &c. — This is a very interesting order, from its containing the Cinchona or Peruvian-bark, and 
the Coffee. It also contains many beautiful and well-known stove plants, the Madder, and the fragrant weed called 
Woodruff. Most of the species, however, require a stove in England ; and of the hardy kinds the greater number 
are British weeds. The order is divided into twelve tribes, and contains above two hundred and twenty genera ; 
out of which only six or seven genera contain hardy plants, and only one genus, Crttciane/Za, hardy plants 
sufficiently ornamental for cultivating in a garden. RuliacecB is from rtibeus, signifying red ; from the coloiu: of 
some of the roots. 
GENUS I. 
CRUCIANELLA, Lin. THE CROSSWORT. 
Lin. Syst. TETRA-PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 
Generic Character — Limb of calyx none. Corolla tubular, elon- I bristle-like inflated appendage. Stamens 4 — 5, enclosed. Style 
gated, funnel-shaped, 4 or 5 lobed; lobes usually drawn out into a | 2-lobed at the apex. Fruit bipartite, not crowned. (G. Don.) 
Dkscription, &c. — Most of the species are annuals. Tlie name of Crucianella is from critx, a cross, in 
allusion to the leaves being placed crosswise. The flowers are produced in heads or spikes, and are generally 
white or pinkish. The only ornamental species in Crucianella stylosa, and this plant Dr. Lindley thinks is not a 
true Crucianella. 
1.— CRUCIANELLA STYLOSA, Trin. THE LONG-STYLED CRUCIANELLA, OR CROSSWORT. 
Specific Character. — Plant procumbent. Leaves 8 — 9, in a whorl, 
hispid, as are the stems. Heads terminal, pedunculate. Flowers 
pentamerous ; style clavate, much exserted, bifid at the apex.(G. Don.) 
Synonyme. — Laxmannia fasciculata, Gmel. 
Engravings Bot. Reg. 1838, t. 55; Flor. Cab. vol. ii. p. 147; 
and oxafig, 6 in Plate 42. 
Description, &c. — This very pretty and lively-looking plant is a native of Persia, where it grows naturally 
on rocks in the most barren places. It was introduced in 1837, and it has already become suclt a favourite 
that few gardens are now without it. The stems are square and somewhat viscid, and the leaves are in whorls. 
The flowers are in dense heads, and they continue in beauty nearly all the summer. The plant is quite hardy, 
and it is propagated by seeds or dividing the root. It should have a pure air and sandy soil. 
CHAPTER XXIV. 
Character or the Order. — Tube of the calyx adnate to the ovary i 
limb variable. Corolla tubularly funnel-shaped, usually 5-lobed. 
Stamens adnate to the tube of the corolla, but free at the apex, varying 
in number from one to five. Style filiform ; stigmas two or three, free, 
VALERIANACE^. 
or combined in one. Fruit membranaceous or subnucamentaceous, in- 
dchisceut ; sometimes 3-celled with two of the cells vacant, and 
sometimes 1 -celled. (G.Don.) 
Description, &c The principal plants included in this order are the Lamb's Lettuce, and those formerly 
