186 THE LADIES' FLOWER GARDEN. 
is two or three feet high, wiry, angular, and furrowed ; and though slender, it is perfectly erect from its rigidity. 
The leaves of the variety are distantly alternate, and deeply pinnatifid; the florets are generally only five in 
number, but they are very broad and handsome. In the species there are generally eight florets. Professor Don 
made this species a separate genus under the name of Ratibida, from the seeds having a slight fringe-like 
membrane, and the pappus being in the form of a short ciliated crown. The flowers are sweet-scented, and they 
appear in August and September. 
GENUS X. 
ECHINACEA, Mcench. THE PURPLE RUDBECKIA. 
Lin.Spt. SYNGENESIA FRUSTRANEA. 
abruptly dilated. Stigmata elongated, acuminate, recurved, and 
papillosely hispid. Achenium quadrangular, with a membranaceous 
crown, acuminated, bristly. 
Generic Ciiakacter. — Involucre many-leaved in several rows, 
stjuamose. Receptacle conical, chafTy ; chaff acuminate, rigid de- 
ciduous. Florets of the ray ligulate, neuter; those of the disk 
hermaphrodite, funnel-shaped, 6ve-toothed, tube very short, mouth 
Desckiption, &c. — This genus was first proposed by Moench, and it was adopted by Cassine, and it is chiefly 
distinguished by the structure of its pappus, and by the shorter tube of the florets of the disk. The name of 
Echinacea is from Echinos, a hedge-hog, in allusion to the thorniness of the involucre. This genus comprises all 
the Rudbeckias which have purple flowers. 
-ECHINACEA PURPUREA, Dec. THE COMMON PURPLE RUDBECKIA. 
Specific CnAHACTEn. — Leaves lanceolate-ovate, alternate, en- 
tire. Florets of the ray bifid. 
Synonymes. — Rujbeckia purpurea, Ltn. ; Dracunculus Vir 
ginianus, Moris. 
Engravings. — Bot. Mag. t. 2 ; and our/g. 1, in Plate 45. 
Description, &c. — This species is easily distinguished by the great length of the florets of the ray, which are 
pendulous and recurved at the point. It is a native of Carolina and Virginia, whence it was introduced in 1699. 
2.— ECHINACEA SEROTINA, Dec. THE LATE-FLOWERING PURPLE RUDBECKIA. 
Synonymes. — Rudbeckia serotina, Lin. ; R. purpurea, var, sero- 
tina, Null. ; R. speciosa. Link. 
Engravings. — Swt. Brit. Flow. Gard. t. 4 ; and our fig. 4, in 
Plate 45. 
Specific Character. — Stem hispid. Lower leaves broadly ovote, 
attenuated at the base, remotely denlated, rougli ; stem leaves 
lanceolate-ovate, and acuminated, nearly entire. Florets of the ray 
spreading, three-toothed at the apex. 
Description, &c. — This species is a native of North America, whence it was introduced in 1816. It begins 
flowering in July, and continues producing a succession of blossoms till November. 
3.— ECHINACEA HETEROPHYLL.A, D. Don. THE VARIOUS-LEAVED ECHINACEA. 
Synonymes. — Coreopsis heterophylla, Cav, ; Simsia heterophylla, 
Pers. ; Ximenesia Cavanillesii, Spreng.; Helianthus glutiuosus, 
Seise et Muy. 
Engravings.— Swt. Brit. Flow. Gard., 2d ser. t. 32 ; and our 
fg. 2, in Plate 45. 
Specific Character. — Radical leaves fiddle-shaped. Palea 
membranaceous, longer than the florets. 
Description, &c. — This species is a native of Mexico. As it does not flower till October, it does not ripen its 
seeds, but is propagated by dividing its large tuberous root. 
4.— ECHINACEA DICKSONII, Lindl. MR. DICKSON'S ECHINACEA. 
Engravings. — Bot. Reg. for 1838, t. 27 ; and our Jig. 3, in ■ Specific Character — Radical leaves fiddle-shaped, subtrilo- 
Plale 45. I bate, and subdentate ; cauliue ones ovate-lanceolate. Palea shorter 
I than the florets. 
Description, &c. — This species grows about a foot high, and flowers from the beginning of August to the end 
of September. It has tuberous roots, like the dahlia. 
