OF ORNAMENTAL PERENNIALS. 
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they first open have a pale yellow cast ; and sometimes, when the weather is cold, they take a tinge of purple 
on the outside before they fade. 
For many years after tlie Chrysanthemum became a favourite garden flower, we had no varieties but those 
that had been introduced from China, with the exception of the changeable white; but about 1820, some seedlings 
were introduced from France. Still no seed ripened in this country till 1832, when a Mr. Wheeler, a nurseryman 
at Oxford, was so fortunate as to obtain some, from which he reared several beautiful seedlings ; since then others 
have been raised at Jersey, which are so much handsomer than the original Chinese varieties, tliat the latter are 
almost thrown out of cultivation. About 4000 Jersey varieties are now grown by the different nurserymen and 
seedsmen, and of course it is impossible to give a list of their names ; but in 1833 Mr. Ilaworth published a list 
of Chrysanthemums in the Gardeners' Magazine, in which he attempted to class all the kinds in the following 
seven divisions ; — -I. Eanunculus-flowered ; 2. Incurved or cup-shaped ; 3. China aster-flowered ; 4, Marigold- 
flowered, with flat florets ; 5. Clustered ; 6. Tasselled ; 7- Quilled. It is, however, very difficult to place the 
numerous new varieties in any of these divisions. As a general remark, it may be observed that the old Chinese 
kinds are generally the best for flowering in the open air; and that perhaps the hardiest are the tasselled yellow, 
the superb-clustered yellow, the quilled white, the incurved pink, the old purple, and the Spanish brown. The 
paper-white also, in some situations, flowers well in the open air. All these flower in November, and are 
consequently leas liable to be injured by frost than the Jersey varieties, many of which remain in flower in a 
greenhouse till the middle of January. 
The culture of the Chrysanthemum is, generally speaking, very simple ; the plants may be propagated in 
March, April, and May ; the suckers should be separated from the parent plant, each with a portion of the root 
attached, and put into flower-pots, three or four in a pot or separately, in a loamy soil. No other care is 
requisite, but to keep the suckers moist, taking care that the pot was well drained with broken crocks at the 
bottom. As soon as they have rooted, which they will do in a very short time, they should be transplanted into 
the border of a south wall, against which they may be trained. 
The plants should be six inches apart, and only one stem should be allowed to rise, which should be two feet 
high before it is permitted to branch out. Where a south wall cannot be obtained, those kinds should be chosen 
which would best bear the privation of a full sun light. The great tasselled yellow and the incurved pink 
will flourish even on a north wall. The soil should be always loamy, and tolerably rich. In dry weather the 
plants should be abundantly watered, particularly when the flower-buds are swelling. In many cases liquid 
manure and soap-suds have been applied with very great advantage to Chrysanthemums in the open air, and the 
flowers and plants thus treated have been remarkably fine. 
