222 THE LADIES' FI,OWER.GARDEN 
1.— ONOPORDUM ARABICUM, Lin. THE ARABIAN COTTON THISTLE, 
Enoritinos. Bot. Mag. t. 3299 ; and out Jiff. 2 in PI. 58. j current, sinuately dentate. Scales of tlie involucre ovat«-lanceolate, 
Specific Character.— Stem erect. Leaves somewhat woolly, de- | and each ending in a long, spinous niucro. 
Description, &c. — This is a stately-looking plant, growing to the heiglit of ten or twelve feet ; with long, 
narrow leaves, sometimes more than a foot in length, and attached to the stem so as to make it appear winged. 
The involucres are large and spiny ; the spines being connected by a kind of cobweb. The florets are numerous, 
and stand quite erect ; they are of a dark purple. The species is a native of Arabia, but it was early introduced 
by the Spaniards into Buenos Ayres, where it grows in such abundance as to form what have been called the 
Thistle Forests of South America. It was formerly frequently grown in shrubberies, but now is seldom seen, 
from the great space it requires, and from its prickly leaves and stems rendering it diflScult of approach. It is 
quite hardy, and will grow in any common soil. 
GENUS XXXVI. 
CARTHAMUS, Lin. THE SAFFLOWER, OR CARTHAMUS. 
Lm. Syst. SYNGENESIA .EQUALIS. 
GnxRic Charactxr Hcada bomoganous. Outer involucral scales 
foliaceous, spreading ; middle ones erect, oval, expanded at the apex 
into an ovate appendage, which is spiny along its margin : the inner 
ones oblong, entire, each ending in a pungent point. Receptacle 
fringed. Corollas five-cleft, almost regular, the tube expanding above 
the disk. Anthers each terminated by an obtuse appendage. Stigmas 
scarcely distinct. Achenia obovate, tetragonal, glabrous. Pappus 
wanting. 
Description, &c. — The genus Carthamus has been very much altered, and all that bear a resemblance to the 
Cardoon have been placed in a separate genus. I have, however, preserved the old name, as being that which is 
best known. Tlie word Carthamus is taken from an Arabian word, signifying " to paint ;" because one of the 
species is used in dyeing, and also for making what is called vegetable rouge. 
1.— CARTHAMUS CSIRULEUS, Lin. THE BLUE-FLOWERED CARTHAMUS. 
Synonymes — Onobroma cajruleum, Guert. ; Coicus alter, Clus. I Specific Character. — Stem one-flowered. Leaves ovatc-lancco. 
Enoratings. — Bot. Mag. t. 2293 ; and our fig. 3 in Fl. 58. | late, spinously dentate. 
Description, &c. — A very handsome species, with dark blue flowers, and a rich chesnut-biown involucre. 
A native of Spain, introduced before 1640, and quite hardy in British gardens. 
lanceolate, stem-clasping, reticulated ; upper leaves ovate-acuminate, 
eleven-nerved : both kinds sinuately spinous. Involucre, with a 
leafy base. Scales ovate, outer ones spinously dentate ; inner ones 
ciliated. 
2.— CARTHAMUS ARBORESCENS, Lin. THE TREE CARTHAMUS. 
Synonymes. — Kentrophyllum arborescens, Dec. ; Onobroma arbor- 
esccns, Spreng. ; C. rijidus, Willd. ; C. hirciuus, Lag. 
Enoraving.— Bot. Mag. t. 3302. 
Specific Character. — Sub-pubescent. Lower leaves elongated, 
Description, &c. — This very showy plant, though called a tree, is in fact a true perennial. It is a handsome 
plant for a shrubbery, with large yellow flowers and bright green leaves, both of which have an agreeable but 
musky smell. The flower continues in perfection to the latter end of November. The species is a native 
of Spain, whence it was introduced in 1 731 ; and it will stand out in most English winters, only requiring 
protection in very severe frost. 
