3 8 4 
Old Time Gardens 
plains, labyrinths, wildernesses, “ serpentine mean- 
ders,” “ rude-coppices,” precipices, amphitheatres. 
His “ serpentine meanders ” had large opening 
spaces at proper distances, in one of which might 
be placed a small fruit garden, a “ cone of ever- 
greens,” or a “ Paradice- Stocks,” — about which lat- 
ter mysterious garden adornment I think we must 
be content to remain in ignorance, since he certainly 
has given us ample variety to choose from without it. 
Other cc landscapists ” placed in their gardens old 
ruins, misshapen rocks, and even dead trees, in order 
to look “ natural.” 
In 1608 Henry Ballard brought out The Gar- 
dener s Labyrinth — a pretty good book, shut away 
from the most of us by being printed in black letter. 
He says : — 
u The framing of sundry herbs delectable, with waies 
and allies artfully devised is an upright herbar.” 
Herbars, or arbors, were of two kinds: an upright 
arbor, which was merely a covered lean-to attached 
to a fence or wall; and a winding or “arch-arbor” 
standing alone. He names “archherbs,” which are 
simply climbing vines to set “winding in arch-man- 
ner on withie poles.” “Walker and sitters there- 
under ” are thereby comfortably protected from 
the heat of the sun. These upright arbors were 
in high favor; Ballard says they offered “fragrant 
savours, delectable sights, and sharpening of the 
memory.” 
Tree arbors were in use in Elizabethan times. 
