THE FAMILIES AND GENERA OF BATS. 
67 
tinued backward usually passing through audital bulla and occipital 
condyle. Audital bullse about as in Cynopterus , much better de- 
veloped than in Pteropus. Mandible slender and weak, its depth 
between pm 3 and pm± scarcely greater than length of pm z ; coronoid 
low and very gradually sloping. In its external characters the genus 
differs from Pteropus chiefly in the very large full lips and the pres- 
ence of a distinct, though very rudimentary tail consisting of two 
vertebrae and readily detected by touch. Males usually with con- 
spicuous glandular mass and tuft of modified hairs on shoulder. 
Species examined.— Epomophorus comptus H. Allen, E. crypturus 
Peters, E. dobsonii Bocage, E. franqueti Tomes, E. gambianus Jen- 
tink, E. labiatus (Temminck), E. macrocephalus (Ogilbv), E. minor 
Dobson, E. neumanni Matschie, E. pusillus Peters, E. wahlbergi Sun- 
devall; also several undetermined forms. 
Genus HYPSIGNATHUS H. Allen. 
1861. Hypsignathus H. Allen, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, p. 156. 
( monstrosus .) 
1862. Sphyrocephalus Murray, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1862, p. 8. (lahro- 
sus=monstrosus . ) 
1862. Zygcmocephalus Murray, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, pi. i (misprint). 
1878. Hypsignathus Dobson, Catal. Chiropt. Brit. Mus., p. 6 (subgenus). 
1899. Hypsignathus Matschie, Flederm. des Berliner Mus. fiir Naturk., p. 
42 (subgenus). 
Type-species . — Hypsignathus monstrosus H. Allen. 
Geographic distribution — Western and central Africa from Gam- 
bia to the Uelle region and French Kongo. 
Number of forms. — The type species only. 
Characters , — Like Epomophorus , but with lips much more devel- 
oped, the upper lip thrown into conspicuous folds anteriorly and 
about nostrils; beneath upper lip the mouth communicates with a 
paired sac extending from extremity of muzzle to halfway between 
eyes and ears. No shoulder glands. Tail reduced to a tubercle 
quite hidden beneath the skin and barely perceptible to the touch. 
Skull like that of Epomophorus , but with dorsal and ventral profiles 
nearly parallel, the depth of rostrum in males greater at diastema 
than in lachrymal region. Teeth as in Epomophorus , but incisors 
more widely spaced, lower incisors very obscurely or not bilobed, 
canines even more reduced in size, small lower premolar barely pier- 
cing gum, pm 4 , m 1 , pm 4 , m a , and m 2 , with inner ridge much more 
developed than in Epomophorus and median furrow correspondingly 
deepened, outer ridge of lower molars divided into two distinct 
blunt cusps. 
Species examined. — Hypsignathus monstrosus H. Allen. 
Remarks. — -The peculiarities of Hypsignathus monstrosus , espe- 
cially those of the teeth, are too great to allow the animal to be placed 
in the genus Epomophorus , 
