THE FAMILIES AND GENERA OF BATS. 
75 
Inner upper incisor very minute, not penetrating the gum; outer 
very small, but piercing the gum. Lower incisors about equal to 
outer upper incisor, placed close to canine, the mandible projecting 
considerably in front of it. Canines strong and well developed, not 
peculiar in form, the upper with deep longitudinal groove on front 
surface. Cheek teeth essentially as in Melonycteris'. Skull much as 
in Melonycteris , but occiput not as strongly deflected (alveolar line 
projected backward passes a little below middle of brain case) . Bullae 
only a little wider than in Pteropus. Externally much like a rather 
small Cynopterus , but with middle of back bare owing to attachment 
of membranes along median dorsal line (a triangular furred area 
on rump), no claw on index finger, and tail so long that it reaches 
to the extended heel, therefore much longer than in any other 
known Pteropine bat. Caudal vertebrse 10. 
Species examined. — Notopteris macdonaldii Gray. 
SixLfamily- NTYCTYNLENTIIN^EG. 
1821. Cephalotidce Gray, London Medical Repository, XVI, p. 299, April 1, 
1821 (part, probably included both Nyctymene and Dobsonia). 
1878. Pteropodidce Dobson, Catal. Chiropt. Brit. Mus., p. 3 (part; Pteropi, 
part). 
1899. Pteropodidce Matschie, Flederm. des Berliner Mus. fur Naturk., p. 1 
(part). 
Geographic distribution. — From Celebes and Halmahera to the 
Bismarck Archipelago and northern Australia. 
Characters. — Premaxillaries broadly and solidly fused anteriorly 
(length of median suture almost equal to distance between ca- 
nines), all their boundaries completely lost in adults; bony palate 
not narrowing behind tooth rows, the width of interpterygoid fossa 
(including hamulars) slightly greater than distance between pos- 
terior molars; canines parallel when jaws are closed, the lower 
canines in contact with each other; no lower incisors; cheek teeth 
not unusually cuspidate. 
Principal subdivisions.— The subfamily Nyctymeninse contains the 
single genus Nyctymene. 
Genus NYCTYMENE Beehstein. 
1800. Nyctymene Bechstein, Syst. Nebers. Vierf. Tliiere, II, 615. 
1810. Geplialotes Geoffroy, Ann. du Mus. d’Hist. Nat., Paris, XV, p. 104. 
1811. Harpyia Ileiger, Prodr. Syst. Mamm. et Avium, p. 118 (not of Ochsen- 
heimer, 1810). 
1837. Gelasinus Temminck, Monogr. de Mamm., II, p. 100. 
1862. Uronycteris Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 262 ( Cynopterus albi- 
venter Gray =Vespertilio cephalotes Pallas fide Dobson). 
1878. Harpyia Dobson, Catal. Chiropt. Brit. Mus., p. 88. 
1895. Uronycteris Thomas, Novitates Zoologicae, II, p. 163, June, 1895. 
