THE FAMILIES AND GENERA OF BATS. 83 
1855. [ V espertilionidce ] “Yespertilionid.es” (part); Emballonurina, part) 
Gervais, Exped. du Comte de Castelnau, ZooL, Mamm., p. 62. 
1865. Brachyura Peters, Monatsber. k. preuss. Akad. Wissensch., Berlin, p. 
257 (part). 
1866. Vespertilionidce (part; Emballonurina and Diclidurina ) Gray, Ann. 
and Mag. Nat. Hist, 3d ser., XVII, p. 92. February, 1866. 
1867. N octilionidce (part; T aphozoince) Jerdon, Mammals of India, p. 30. 
1870 . Vespertilionies (part; Noctiliones, part) Fitzinger, Sitzungsber. k. 
Akad. Wissencb., Wien. Math. Naturwiss. Cl., LXI, Pt. 1, p. 458. 
1872. N octilionidce (part; Emballonurince) Gill, Arrangement of the Fami- 
lies of Mammals, p. 17. 
1875. Emballonuridce (part; Emballonurce and Taphozoi) Dobson, Ann. and 
Mag. Nat. Hist., 4th ser., XVI, p. 349. November, 1875. 
1878. Emballonuridce (part; Emballonurce and Dicliduri ) Dobson, Catal. 
Chiropt. Brit. Mus., p. 353. 
1886. Emballonuridce (part; Emballonurce and Dicliduri) GiLl, Standard 
Natural History, V, p. 169. 
1891. Emballonuridce (part; Emballonurince, part, Emballonurina ) Flower 
and Lydekker,' Mammals living and extinct, p. 666. 
1892. Emballonuridce (part ; Emballonurini ) Winge, Jordfundne og nule- 
vende Flagermus (Chiroptera) fra Lagoa Santa, Minas Geraes, Bra- 
silien, p. 24. 
Geographic distribution. — Tropical portions of both hemispheres; 
in the Pacific Ocean east to Samoa, but not known in Australia or 
New Zealand. 
Characters. — Humerus with trochiter well developed, though not as 
large 'as trochin, not articulating with scapula, neither tubercle rising 
above head; epitrochlea not specially developed, but with distinct 
spinous process (especially in T aphozous and Diclidurus) , capitellum 
nearly in line with shaft; second manal digit with fully developed 
metacarpal, but no phalanges; third finger with two phalanges, of 
which the proximal is flexed on dorsal surface of metacarpal when 
at rest; shoulder girdle normal, the seventh cervical vertebra free; 
foot normal; fibula complete, thread-like; tibia flattened or grooved 
posteriorly ; pelvis normal, except that boundaries of sacral vertebrae 
are nearly or quite obliterated; skull with well-developed postorbital 
processes (in Diclidurus these are obscured by the very wide supra- 
orbital ridges) ; premaxillaries represented by nasal branches only, 
never fused with each other or with maxillaries; palate ending in 
plane of last molars or produced somewhat behind it, in the latter 
case very abruptly narrowed back of toothrows; audital bullae 
emarginate on inner side; teeth normal; tragus present, simple; 
muzzle without special cutaneous outgrowths. 
Remarks. — The members of the family Emballonuridae are recog- 
nizable by their normal teeth, free premaxillaries, well-developed 
postorbital processes, the reduced condition of the index finger, and 
the primitive structure of the shoulder joint. Externally they may 
be distinguished by the combination of slender leg with reflexed 
