100 BULLETIN 57, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 
1875. Nycteridce (part; Nycterincc ) Dobson, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 4tb 
ser., XVI, p. 348, November. 1875. 
1878. Nycteridce (part, Nycterince) Dobson, Catal. Cbiropt. Brit. Mus., p. 161. 
1886. Megadermidce (part, Nycterince ) Gill, Standard Natural History, V, 
p. 165. 
1891. Nycteridce Flower and Lydekker, Mammals Living and Extinct, p. 658 
(part). 
1892. Rhinolophidce (part; Megadennatini part, Nyctericles) Winge, Jord- 
* ftwidn^v ©g. nuleyende Flagermus (Cliiroptera) fra Lagoa Santa, Minas 
Geraes, Brasil ien, p. 24. 
Geographic distribution. — Africa, except northwestern portion ; 
also the Malay Peninsula, Java, and Timor. 
Characters . — Humerus with trochiter small, about equal to trochin, 
not articulating with scapula, the two tubercles rising very slightly 
above head ; epitrochlea very large, 
with conspicuous styloid process, capi- 
tellum carried outward beyond line of 
shaft; second manal digit consisting 
of well-developed metacarpal only ; 
third finger with two phalanges ; 
shoulder girdle normal except that 
seventh cervical vertebra is fused with 
dorsal, and keel of sternum is unusually 
well developed, forming most of meso- 
sternum, longitudinal portion of pre- 
sternum is somewhat broadened, and 
first rib is noticeably strengthened; 
fibula absent ; pelvis normal except 
that as a whole it is unusually short 
and broad, ischia wide apart posteri- 
orly; skull (fig. 19) with postorbital 
processes present but obscured by the very broad supraorbital ridges ; 
interorbital region deeply concave; premaxillaries represented by 
palatal branches only, these bony throughout and completely filling 
space between maxillaries; teeth normal; tragus present, simple; 
muzzle with cutaneous outgrowths margining a deep longitudinal 
Fig. 19.— Nycteris javanica. Sembrong 
River, Johore. No. 112608. x 1|. 
History . — Though variously associated by the earlier authors with 
the Vespertilionidse, Phyllostomidac, or Rhinolophidse this family 
was placed with the Megadermidse by Peters as long ago as 1865. 
Since then it has remained in this position, the two groups being 
regarded as sections of a family Megadermidae or Nycteridae. 
Though undoubtedly this association is natural the peculiarities of 
the two seem great enough to warrant their recognition of separate 
families. 
Remarks . — The Nycteridae are at once recognizable by their long 
tails included to the tip in membrane, large ears with well developed 
