THE FAMILIES AND GENERA OF RATS. 
195 
than head; thumb with rudimentary claw; tail projecting noticeably 
beyond free edge of interfemoral membrane. 
Species examined. . — Myzopoda aurita Milne-Edwards and Grandi- 
dier. 
Family VESPERTILIONIME. 
1821. Vespertilionidw (part; Race 2) Gray, London Medical Repository, 
XV, p. 299, April 1, 1821. 
1827. Vespertilionina Lesson, Man. de Mammalogie, p. 87. 
1831. Vespertiliones ( Vespertilionidw ) (part; Vespertilionina, part) Bona- 
parte, Saggio di una distrib. metodica degli Anim. Vert., p. 15. 
1838. Vespertilionidw (part; Vespertilionina, part) Bonaparte, N'novi An- 
nali delle Scienze Naturali, Bologna, Anno I, Tomo II, p. 112. 
1838. Vespertilionidw (part; Vespertilionina, part) Gray, Mag. Zool. and 
Bot., II, p. 494. December, 1838. 
1855. [Vespertilionidw] “ Vespertilionides ” (part; Vespertilionina ) Gervais, 
Exped du Comte de Castelnau, Zool. Mamm., p. 52. 
1865. Vespertiliones Peters, Monatsber. k. preuss. Akad. Wissensck., Ber- 
lin, p. 258. 
1866. Vespertilionidw (part; Scotophilina, Romiciana, Vespertilionina, Ple- 
cotvna, and Nyctophilina ) Gray, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 3d ser., 
XVII, p. 89, February, 1866. 
1870 . Vespertiliones (part; Vespertiliones, part) Fitzinger, Sitz.-ber. k. 
Akad. Wissensch., Wien, Math. Naturwiss., Classe, LXI, I Abth.. p. 458. 
1872. Vespertilionidw Gill, Arrangement of the Families of Mammals, p. 17. 
1875. Vespertilionidw Dobson, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 4th ser., XVI, p. 
348, November, 1875 (except genera Natalus and Thyroptera, p. 349). 
1878. Vespertilionidw Dobson, Catal. Chiropt. Brit. Mus., p. 167 (except 
genera Natalus and Thyroptera, p. 341-347). 
.1886. Vespertilionidw Gill, Standard Natural History, V, p. 165. 
1891. Vespertilionidw Flower and Lydekker, Mammals living and extinct, 
p. 660 (except N.atalus, p. 664, and Thyropterine division, p. 665). 
1892. Vespertilionidw (part; V espertilionini) Winge, Jordfundne og nule- 
vende Flagermus (Chiroptera) fra Lagoa Santa, Minas Geraes, 
Brasilien, p. 24. 
Geographic distribution. — -Eastern and western hemispheres to the 
limit of tree growth ; in -the Atlantic to the Azores, and in the Pacific 
to the Galapagos and Hawaiian Islands from America, and to New 
Zealand and Samoa from Asia. 
Characters. — Humerus with trochiter very noticeably larger than 
trochin and projecting distinctly beyond head, its surface of articu- 
lation on scapula decidedly more than half as large as glenoid fossa, 
distinctly concave and sharply outlined, epitrochlea obsolete, capitel- 
lum scarcely out of line with shaft ; ulna usually fused with radius at 
its head, the shaft reduced to a scarcely ossified fibrous strand; sec- 
ond finger with fully developed metacarpal and one small bony 
phalanx; third finger with three phalanges, of which the distal is 
cartilaginous throughout except at extreme base, where distinct joint 
is formed with middle phalanx ; shoulder girdle strictly normal in its 
general structure, the seventh cervical vertebra free except in Tomo- 
