THE FAMILIES AND GENERA OF BATS. 
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Genus PTERYGISTES Kaup. 
1829. Pterygistes Kaup, Skizzirte Entw.-Gesch. u. natiirl. Syst. der europ. 
Tliierw., I, p. 99 ( noctula ). 
1839. Vesperugo Iveyserling and Blasius, Wiegmann’s Archiv. fiir Natur- 
gesch., 5ter Jalirg., I, p. 312 (part). 
1842. Noctulinia Gray, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., X, p. 258 (part; contained 
proterus=noctula and fulvus—Scotopliilus Jcuhlii. ) 
1856. Panugo Kolenati, Allgem. deutsck. naturliist., Zeitung, Dresden, neue 
Folge, II, p. 131 ( noctula and leisleri). 
1878. Vesperugo Dobson, Catal. Ckiropt. Brit. Mus., p. 183 (part). 
1893. Noctulinia H. Allen, Proc. U. S. National Museum, p. 30, June 13, 
1893. 
1897. Pterygistes Miller, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 6th ser., XX, p. 384, 
October, 1897. 
Type-species. — V espertilio noctula Schreber. 
Geographic distribution. — Northern portion of Eastern Hemisphere 
from the Azores to Japan. 
Number of forms. — Eight species of Pterygistes are known : P. azo- 
reum Thomas, P. lasiopterus (Schreber), P. leisleri (Kuhl), P. max- 
ima (Fatio), P. noctula (Schreber), P. stenopterus (Dobson), P. 
macleirce Barrett-Hamilton, and P. montanus Barrett-Hamilton. 
Character. — In general like Pipistrellus , with which it agrees in 
dental formula; fifth finger much shortened, scarcely longer than 
metacarpal of fourth and third ; skull with nares extending unusually 
far back, half way to interorbital constriction, and with very large 
anterior palatal emargination ; teeth as in Pipistrellus , but outer 
upper incisor very deeply concave and with a large anterior and small 
posterior secondary cusp; canine and pm 4 always strongly in con- 
tact ; pm 3 very small, quite invisible from outer side ; canines with- 
out trace of secondary cusps; first and second upper molars with 
small but rather distinct hypocones ; third upper molar with about 
half the crown area of first, its metacone and three commissures well 
developed ; lower molars strictly normal in all respects. 
Species examined. — I have examined all the known species. 
Remarks. — Though rather closely related to Pipistrellus and its 
allies, this genus is well differentiated by the shortened fifth finger. 
In the related genera with wing of normal form the fifth finger 
exceeds the combined length of metacarpal and first phalanx of 
fourth or third digit. 
Genus EPTESICUS Rafinesque. 
1820. Eptesicus Rafinesque. Annals of Nature, p. 2 ( melanops—fuscus ). 
1829. Cneplixus Ivaup, Skizzirte Entw.-Gesch. u. natiirl. ‘Syst. der europ. 
Tkierw., I, p. 103 (serotinus) . 
1839. Vesperugo Keyserling and Blasius, Wiegmann’s Archiv. fiir Natur- 
gescliiehte, 5ter Jalirg., I, p. 312 (part), 
