THE FAMILIES AND GENEEA OF BATS. 
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elongated, their greatest diameter about equal to length of tooth row 
exclusive of incisors, the inner edge strongly emarginated anteriorly. 
Ears very large, fully three-fourths as long as forearm, joined across 
forehead by a low band of membrane; tragus well developed. Nos- 
trils simple, as in Myotis or Eptesicus. The only known species ic 
nearly black with conspicuous white markings. 
Species examined. — Euderma maculatum (J. A. Allen). 
Remarks. — This strikingly characterized genus resembles Plecotus 
and C orynorhinus in its skull and teeth, though all of the peculiarities 
are much exaggerated. In its simple nostrils, strictly of the Vesper- 
tilionine type it differs, however, very notably from the other mem- 
bers of the Plecotine group. 
S iaL»f aixLil y MINIOPTERIN^E. 
1875. Miniopteri Dobson, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 4th ser., XVI, p. 349, 
November, 1875 (part). 
1878. Miniopteri Dobson, Catal. Chiropt. Brit. Mus., p. 170 (part). 
1891. V espertilionidce (part: Miniopterine division, part) Flower and 
Lydekker, Mammals, living and extinct, p. 664. 
1898. Miniopterce Trouessart, Catalogus mammalinm, p. 134. 
Geographic distribution.— Northern Africa and southern Europe 
and Asia, including the Malay region. 
Characters. — Like the Vespertilioninse, but presternum with median 
lobe enormously developed and forming the greater part of the bone ; 
scapula with the coracoid straight, directed conspicuously inward. 
Remarks. — The two characters on which this group is based might 
seem insufficient were it not that they appear to be not only unique 
but directly contrary to the tendency of the corresponding structures 
in members of the related groups. I know of no other bat in which 
the presternum consists chiefly of the median lobe. The straight, 
inwardly directed coracoid is, however, found elsewhere, notably in 
the Molossidse. 
Principal subdivisions. — The subfamily contains the * one genus 
Miniopterus. 
Genus MINIOPTERUS Bonaparte. 
1837. Miniopterus Bonaparte, Iconagr. della Fauna Italica, I, fasc. XX, 
under Vespertilio eniarginatus (subgenus of Vespertilio ) . 
1866. Miniopteris Gray, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 3d ser., XVII, p. 91, 
February, 1866. 
1878. Miniopterus Dobson, Catal. Cliiropt. Brit. Mus., p. 347. 
1892. Minyopterus Winge, Jordfundne og nulevende Flagermus (Cliiroptera) 
fra Lagoa Santa, Minas Geraes, Brasilien, p. 36. 
1900. Minneopterus Lampe, Jahrbuch Nassau Ver. Naturkunde, Jabrg. 53, 
Catal. Saugetb. — Samml., p. 12. 
Type-species. — V espertilio ursinii Bonaparte— F. schreibersii Kuhl. 
