THE FAMILIES AND GENEEA OF BATS. 
231 
Murina in the slight contrast between anterior and posterior premo- 
lars, but this peculiarity carried still further. Upper incisors very 
large, the crown low and with distinct secondary cusps much like 
those of Myotis , closely crowded against each other and against 
canine, the four teeth, as in Murina , nearly in line with each other; 
lower incisors low and heavy but normal in form, the edge bluntly 
trifid. Canines excessively thick and low, though without peculiar 
cusps. Upper premolars large, the approximation in form between 
the two teeth carried even further than in Murina , so that the ante- 
rior is merely not as large as the posterior, the latter of the normal 
Vespertilionine form and with no distinct secondary cusp, except 
occasionally at middle of cingulum (see Plate I, fig. 4) ; lower pre- 
molars not peculiar, except that they are unusually large and robust. 
First and second upper molars closely resembling the premolars, 
owing to the fact that the protocone and paracone are greatly re- 
duced from their normal size, and the mesostyle is absent. The outer 
side of the tooth therefore presents a rather shallow, wide V inclos- 
ing a noticeable concave depression, while the crown appears at first 
sight to have only one cusp, the metacone, much like the cusp of the 
premolars but lower and situated a little farther backward and 
inward. On closer inspection the small protocone and paracone are 
readily seen, both placed much nearer the metacone than in the nor- 
mal tooth. Parastyle and metastyle unusually large though rather 
indistinctly outlined. Last upper molar reduced to a mere scale 
closely applied to posterior surface of m 2 immediately behind its 
metacone, its greatest diameter (transverse to the tooth row) scarcely 
one- fourth that of m 2 . Though so greatly reduced this tooth retains 
a faint trace of an outer and inner cusp with the connecting com- 
missure. Lower molars with all the cusps except protoconid much 
reduced so that the teeth strongly approximate the form of the lower 
premolars. The W pattern is practically absent owing to the reduced 
size of the second segment and the indistinctness of the commissures. 
Species examined. — Harpiocephalus Jiarpia (Temminck). 
Remarks— This genus is immediately recognizable by the peculiar 
tendency to approximation in the form of all the teeth. It appears 
to be one of the most aberrant of the Vespertilionidse. The greatly 
developed anterior upper premolar, if not a primitive character, 
is certainly one that indicates a tendency directly opposed to the 
normal course of evolution in the family. The form of molars, 
though very peculiar, is merely an exaggeration of the conditions 
found in Pachyotus. The tubular nostrils of this genus and of 
Murina are not elsewhere met with except in Nyctymene , one of the 
fruit bats. 
