MIMICRY IN EAST AFRICAN BUTTERFLIES 87 
Acraea and Mylothris agathina to which I shall have to refer 
again. 
These two species of Amanris are both good-sized black and 
white insects, A. dominicanus being considerably the larger of 
the two. In this there is a white blotch across the wing from 
the costa to the hind margin and another large blotch on the 
inner margin. In A. ochlea in addition to the blotch across the 
wing near the tip there is a much larger band across the wings 
nearer the body. 
Though they have somewhat the same appearance they can 
readily be distinguished even on the wing, and it will be more 
convenient to take the principal mimics separately. The 
closest mimics of A. dominicanus are three : — (1) Euralia 
wahlbergi belonging to a genus closely allied to Hypolimnas, 
and (2) Euralia usambara, a finer and rarer species, and (3) 
Papilio dardanus f. hippo coon. This form of P. dardanus is 
always more common than any other in tropical Africa, and 
shows perhaps slighter modification of the male pattern than 
any other except the primitive females which have been called 
Trimeni, which are the nearest of all. All these species are 
very like the model, having the two white blotches in the fore- 
wing and the white hind wings which are characteristic of it, and 
all are mimetic in both sexes. There is also another species 
which is a connecting link between these species and those 
which mimic A. ochlea. This is Euxanthe wakefieldi which is only 
mimetic in the female. This has a pattern more like that of A. 
ochlea, except that the large white band nearer the base of the 
fore wings is more broken up by streaks of the ground colour. 
On the wing, however, the resemblance to A. dominicanus 
is much closer owing to its being so much larger than A. ochlea, 
and before I was so well acquainted with the species as I am now. 
I have actually mistaken it for the model, whilst its resemblance 
to the Papilio mimic is even closer, owing to the great develop- 
ment of the sub marginal spots in the hind wing, a feature which 
is altogether wanting in the model. Amauris ochlea has also 
three mimics, all of which belong to the Nymphalidae. These 
are Euralia deceptor, of which the male has had the name of 
kirbyi given to it, Pseudacraea lucretia in one of its forms, and 
Euxanthe tiberius which is only mimetic in the female. 
