88 MIMICRY IN EAST AFRICAN BUTTERFLIES 
The males of the two Euxanthes were figured in the first 
number of the Journal, and the females resemble them except 
that the fore wings are more produced, especially in E. wake - 
fieldi, and all the pale markings become conspicuously larger 
and whiter and E. tiberius gains the large white patch in the 
hind wings. These comparatively simple changes are quite 
sufficient for the purpose, and there can be no doubt that both 
species can easily be mistaken in flight for their respective 
models, whereas their males can be recognised at a glance. 
There are many other butterflies marked with white on a 
black or dark brown ground which, though they do not closely 
conform to the pattern of either of the two species of Amauris, 
yet bear a general resemblance to them. The butterflies which 
come nearest to them in appearance are Acraea satis, a rare 
species in which only the female is mimetic, the male having 
the paler markings, brick red, and Papilio philonoe. The former 
of these is undoubtedly distasteful but the Papilio is possibly 
palatable comparatively. Then comes a little group, con- 
sisting of Planema montana, Acraea esebria and Pseudacraea 
rogersi, which closely resemble each other in both sexes. The 
females of this group are larger than the males and are black 
and white, though the pattern differs somewhat from either 
of the Amauris. 
The males, which also resemble each other, are black and 
brown, but the depth of colour varies a little in different 
specimens. Then there are several species of Neptis, a genus 
of which there is some evidence of distasteful qualities, such 
as N. agatha, N. saclava, N. melicerta and N. seeldrayersi. 
These vary a good deal in size, the largest specimens of N. 
seeldrayersi being little if any smaller than Amauris ochlea , 
whilst the smallest specimens of N. melicerta do not reach half 
this size. In fact size seems of minor importance in these 
mimetic associations, and the last species which need be referred 
to is a little Lycsenid butterfly, Alaena picata, also belonging 
to a distasteful genus, which, in spite of its diminutive size, 
bears a considerable resemblance to the other members of the 
combination and is linked on to the larger species by the grad- 
ually descending series of the genus Neptis. The conclusions 
which were reached in discussing the mimics of Limnas chry - 
