34 
NOTES ON THE COMMON PATHOGENIC 
is received by the female of one generation and is carried 
through the egg, larval and nymphal stages to be given to 
a new animal when it reaches the adult stage. This tick is 
common in East Africa, and in addition we have here Bhipice- 
phalus sanguineus — one of the brown ticks — which Christopher 
has shown capable of spreading the parasite in India. This 
author has found that Bh. sanguineus may acquire and give 
infection in a like manner to that described for Haemaphysalis 
leachi — in this case the developmental forms pass to the 
ovaries — and also that clean nymphae placed on an infected 
dog will acquire an infection which can be transmitted after 
the next succeeding moult. In this case developmental forms 
pass straight to the salivary glands. 
In discussing the genus Babesia and particularly B. canis 
mention must be made of the drug Trypanblau, which was 
introduced by Nuttall and Hadwm for the treatment of Tick 
Fever or Malignant Jaundice in dogs. Experience in Nairobi 
has demonstrated that when properly administered the action 
upon the parasite is almost immediate, and the drug may 
fairly be considered a specific for the disease. It is an 
interesting fact that Trypanblau has no action on the allied 
genus Theileria, and present observations go to show that 
it has little or no effect upon the genus Nuttallia ( Piroplasma 
equi). 
Pathogenesis. The pathology of tick fever in the dog is 
very similar to the disease in cattle due to B. bigemina, that is 
to say there is a breaking down of the red blood corpuscles and 
resulting anaemia. Further, imported and highly bred dogs 
are more susceptible than pariahs and those which have been 
exposed to infection since they were born. The blood of a 
recovered animal contains the parasite, though they are 
usually too scanty to be found microscopically, and is infective 
for ticks and other dogs. Relapses may therefore occur as a 
sequel to another disease, and not necessarily as a result of a 
re-infection. 
Babesia mutans. Theiler. 
Hosts. Cattle. Very similar parasites have been seen in 
deer in Portugal. 
