MYSORE, CANARA, AND MALABAR. 
93 
Is generally about four feet in length, and three inches in diame- CHAPTER 
ter, which is made of heavy timber, and shod with iron. The 
grain is put into a hole formed in a rock or stone. The pestle is Ma y 20 > &c * 
first raised with the one hand, and then with the other; which is 
very hard labour for the Hindu women, who in general are rather 
delicately formed. 
So far as I have observed in Mysore , ground, once brought into Different 
cultivation for rice, is universally considered as arrived at the ^° l ^ lnone 
highest possible degree of improvement ; and all attempts to render 
it more productive by a succession of crops, or by fallow, would be 
looked upon as proofs of insanity. Where there is a supply o ( f 
water, the farmers in general think, that the best plan of cultiva- 
tion is to sow one crop of rice, immediately after another has been 
reaped; and in many parts, favoured with a supply of water, three 
crops of rice are every year regularly produced. In th eAshta grams 
however, there is no such land ; and though some parts each year 
give two crops of rice, by far the greater part of the irrigated lands 
have too small a supply of water to ripen two crops of rice ; and the 
farmer must content himself with one crop of that valuable article, 
and another of some kind of pulse, or other dry grain. Even this 
crop is frequently prevented by some of the operations attend- 
ing the cultivation of rice, as I have had several times occasion to 
mention; but still it is of considerable importance. The articles 
of which it consists are Udu, Hessaru , Wull ’ Ellu, and Tadaguny. 
The Udu is of two kinds; Chic' udu, and Dod'udu ; or little, and 
large Udus. 
The Chic'udu seems to be a variety, with black seeds, of the 
Phaseolus minimoo of Dr. Roxburgh. From the season in which it 
ripens, it is also called Car' udu. It is the Minamolu of the Telingas , 
the Sir ulandu of the Tamuls , the Mash of the Decany Mussulmans, 
the Wudied of Kankdna, and the Ticory Colai of the Bengalese. It is 
cultivated as follows : The ploughing commences ten days after the 
feast Sivaratri, which this year happened on the 12th of February 
