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A JOURNEY FROM MADRAS THROUGH 
CHAPTER order to be washed. When tied up, she receives another feed of rice 
husks, oil-cake, or, if they can be procured, of Jala , Cambu, Udu $ 
May 20 , &c. Hessaru , or cotton seed. The Cambu and Hessaru are reckoned the 
most productive of milk, and the cotton seed of butter. At each 
meal, a full allowance of these dry articles of provision is two Seers, 
or rather more than half a gallon. The buffalo is then milked a 
second time, and receives her share of the grass that has been col- 
lected through the day. According to the heat of the weather, she 
drinks daily from 60 to 90 Seers , or from about 16 to 24 gallons. 
The female buffalo is fit for breeding at three years of age ; and, 
after going with young nine months, brings forth her calf in the 
cold season. The best males are kept for breeding. The others are 
either sacrificed when young, or brought up for labour; and at 
four years of age, in the rainy season, these last are emasculated. 
Two ploughs wrought by bullocks will perform as much labour as 
three wrought by buffaloes, that work from six in the morning till 
noon, and from three in the afternoon till sun-set. 
The buffalo of India is the same with that of Europe, or the 
Bos Bubalis of Linnaeus ; of which I do not observe any good de- 
scription, or figure, in our books of natural history. It is totally 
distinct from the buffalo of the Cape; and the Arnee is merely the 
animal in its wild state, an exaggerated account of which has been 
given to Mr. Ker, and published in his translation of the Systema 
Naturce . The figure and description of the naked buffalo, in Pen- 
nant’s History of Quadrupeds, bears no resemblance whatever to 
any variety of this animal that I have met with. Three varieties 
of buffalo are reared near Seringapatam : I. the Hullu; II. the Gujari , 
or Guzurat ; III. the Chocatu, which comes from the country border- 
ing on the river Krishna. 
The Hullu is by far the most common, and is the native breed of 
the country. The female has a calf every year, and gives milk for 
seven months. Besides what the calf draws from her, she gives twice 
a-day about a Seer , or quart, of milk. (The Seer of milk, it must be 
i 
