MYSORE, CANARA, AND MALABAR. 
171 
the torrents in the country; and partly from an ore which is found CHAPTER 
at Ghettipura , two cosses from Magadi During the four months of 
heavy rains, four men are able to collect as much sand as a furnace June 1.3. 
can smelt in the remainder of the year. In order to separate the 
earth arid sand, which are always mixed with it in the channel of 
the torrent, it requires to be washed. These men get ten Fanams, 
or 6s. 8fr/. a month, and the nature of their service is similar to 
that of the farmers servants, being bound by occasional advances of 
money to continue in the employment of the master. During the 
remaining eight months of the year they work at the forge. 
The smelting furnace is made in the front of a square mound Iron smelting 
furnace. 
of clay, sloping up gradually from behind forwards. In order to 
assist the imagination, I give rude sketches (Fig. 18 and 1$) of 
the longitudinal and transverse" 'sections; - ' In the front, the mound 
(1) is twenty- two inches high, and three feet broad. In this, 
from top to bottom, is made a semi cylindrical cavity (2), about a 
foot in diameter. On the ground, in front of the cavity, is laid a 
stone (3) six inches high, a foot long, and a foot broad. Contigu- 
ous to this is placed another- stone ( 4 ) afoot square, and two inches 
thick. On the top of this is fixed a small piece of timber (8), behind 
which rises another mound of clay (5), sloping upwards gradually, 
and widening as it recedes from the furnace. On this rest the bel- 
lows, of which there are two. Each consists of a whole bufialo’s hide, 
removed without cutting it lengthwise. Where it has been cut at 
the neck, it is sown up, so as to leave a small opening for a wooden 
muzzle (7), which is made fast to the piece of timber (8) before- 
mentioned. The hinder part of the skin is slit vertically, and the 
one side is made to lie over the other. In the middle of this outer 
side is fastened a ring of leather (9), through which the workman 
passes his arm, and seizes the upper angle of the skin (10), which 
serves as a handle. When he draws back his arm, the opening in 
the hinder part of the skin is dilated, and admits the air ; when he 
forces his arm forward, the opening is closed up, and the air -is 
