176 A JOURNEY FROM MADRAS THROUGH 
CHAPTER 
III. 
At two Fanams the returns are - 
Fanams , 
- 1536 
June 13. 
Cost 
- 
- 
- 
- 1300 
Net profit ----- 
- 
- 
- 236 
At three Fanams gross produce - 
Fanams. 
- 2304 
Cost ----- 
- 
- 
>** 
- 1300 
Net profit ----- 
we 
- 
- 
- 1004 
Manipula- 
tion of the 
ore. 
Another 
Statement. 
The operation for smelting the ore is exactly the same as that 
used for the black sand, except in the cleaning of it. The ore is 
first reduced to powder with an iron bar, and then the earthy parti- 
cles are washed away in a wooden trough ; when it becomes exactly 
like the black sand, and is called by the same name, Aduru. The 
collecting of it is attended with less trouble than that employed to 
collect the black sand; but the carriage to any considerable dis- 
tance prevents it from being used in general; as the workmen must 
live where the farmers will give them employment in their vacant 
time. 
Two other men, one from Ghettipura , and one from Cutlu on the 
way to Bangaluru , confirm the above account. Each smelting, ac- 
cording to them, takes nearly 68 pounds of black sand. The differ- 
ence here, from the other account, probably arises from my having 
weighed the former when very moist, and this when dry : for 
the workmen always put the sand into the furnace, after having 
thoroughly soaked it with water. According to this account, how- 
ever, the ore gives rather more than 37 per cent, of the impure iron, 
and a little less than 20 percent, of ironfitfor the use of the black- 
smith. For this purpose, after it has been split into wedges, it 
requires to be four times heated and hammered. 
According to the account of these people, the following are the 
expences of a smelting-house and forge : 
