A JOURNEY FROM MADRAS THROUGH 
S2S 
CHAPTER 
IV. 
June 22, &c. 
Red sk,ins. 
ifcat hides. 
Oil makers. 
Oil of Sesa- 
mum , 
skins, each five or six ; put them into a pot with some Ragy kanji, 
or decoction of Ragy , and let them stand for eight days. Then rub 
the liquor on the skins, which immediately become black. 
These skins may be dyed red by the following process : Take of 
ungarbled Lac 2 Dudus weight (about 13 drams), of Suja cara. , or 
fine soda, 1 Dudu weight, and of Lodu bark 2 Dudus weight. Having 
taken the sticks from the Lac, and powdered the soda and bark, 
boil them all together in a Seer of water (68£ cubical inches) for 
1 1 hour. Rub the skin, after it has been freed from the hair as 
before mentioned, with this decoction ; and then put it into the pot 
with the Myrobalans and water for three days. This is a good co- 
lour, and for many purposes the skins are well dressed. 
The hides of oxen and buffaloes are dressed as follows : For each 
skin take 2 Seers ( l T Vwo T&.) of quick lime, and 5 or 6 Seers measure 
(about H ale gallon) of water ; and in this mixture keep the skins 
for eight days, and rub off the hair. Then for each skin take ten 
Seers, by weight, (about 6 lb.) of the unpeeled sticks of the Tayn - 
gadu (Cassia auriculata), and 10 Seers measure of water (about 21- 
ale gallons), and in this infusion keep the skins for four days. For 
an equal length of time, add the same quantity of Tayngadu and 
water. Then wash, and dry the skins in the sun, stretching them 
out with pegs. This leather is very bad. 
The oil makers at Bangalore are a very considerable class of peo- 
ple, and are of the kind that use two bullocks in their mill, of 
which a plan is given (Figure 24). The mortar is a block of gra- 
nite. This class of people are called Jotyphamda, or Jotynagarada 
Ganagaru. They express the following kinds of oil: IVuW-Ellu , 
Huts' -Ellu, Harulu, Cobri, Ipay , and Hoingay. 
The Wuir-Ellu oil is expressed from two varieties, or species of 
Sesamum seed, called here Surugana and Cari Ellus. They are the 
same with the Wullay and Pkulagana Ellus of Seringapatam . The 
first gives the least oil ; but for the table it is esteemed the best of 
any in the country ; the price, however, of the two kinds is the 
