I 
252 A JOURNEY FROM MADRAS THROUGH 
CHAPTER 
IV. 
June 22, &c. 
Customs of 
the Rungaru. 
Customs of 
the Joty- 
fhanada. 
They never divorce their wives for any crime, except adultery. 
They eat carrion, and all manner of animal food, and avowedly 
drink spirituous liquors. Their religious worship seems to be exactly 
the same with that of the Coramaru ; but they have a priestly tribe, 
who never intermarry with the laity, who live entirely on their con- 
tributions, and are called Jambu. There is a Matam of Jambu at 
Cuddapa ; and the office of high priest there is hereditary. This 
person takes frequent rounds through the country, collecting 
money, and admonishing his followers. I have never seen any of 
the Jambu; and, if they have any learning among them, they keep it 
entirely to themselves, as none of the laity can either read or write. 
The Madigaru, who by the English of Madras are called Siclars , 
have no hereditary chiefs ; but, in case of any fault being com- 
mitted by a person of the cast, the elders assemble, and punish him 
according to custom. 
The Rungaru are a tribe admitted to be of the Sudra cast. They 
are taylors, and printers of calico cloths. They have hereditary 
chiefs, with the usual jurisdiction, and follow the rules of their 
cast. Their Guru is an hereditary chief of the Sri Vaishnavam, who 
resides at Seringapatam. He punishes obstinate offenders, and be- 
stows Upadisa ; and in return takes their contributions. He does 
not favour this cast by giving them Chakrantikam. 
The Jotyphanada , or Jotynagarada Ganagaru , are a kind of oil- 
makers, who deal largely in that commodity, and have two oxen 
in their mills. They pretend to be of the Rheri , or Nagarada sect 
of the Taisya cast * but this is not admitted by either the Rheri or 
Rrdhmans. They are a real Karnataca tribe. Two families here 
wear the Linga , and are not admitted either to eat or intermarry 
with the others, who are all followers of one of the hereditary chiefs 
of the Sri Vaishnavam Rrdhmans , who lives here, and is called Nul- 
lary Chakravarti. He bestows on them Upadesa , and sometimes 
Chakrdntikam , but that rarely. When they marry, he gives them a 
string or thread, to be worn over the shoulder. This should be 
