MYSORE, CANARA, AND MALABAR. 265 
the offensive smell above mentioned, I should have supposed the CHAPTER 
solvent to be the carbonic acid. Circumstances did not allow me 
to ascertain this point ; nor to analyse the water with any precision. J ' une 
In this country the water for supplying gardens is generally Manner of 
raised by a machine, called Yatcim in both the Tamil and Karnata l alsl , n § water 
, by the Ya~ 
languages. Of this a sketch is given in (Fig. 25). In the lower tam. 
Carnatic the machine is wrought by a man, who walks along the 
balance ; coming before the fulcrum , when he wants to sink the 
bucket; and going back again, when he wants to bring up the 
water. Another man in this case attends to empty the bucket. But in 
this country one man, standing at the mouth of the well, performs 
the whole labour. I have made no actual experiments to ascertain 
by which of the two methods the same number of men would raise 
the greatest quantity of water ; but it appears to me, that the plan 
in use here is the most perfect. At Madras , the man who walks 
along the lever, or balance, is in considerable danger of falling; 
and the man who empties the bucket is in danger of being hurt, 
for it must come up between his legs, as he stands fronting the end 
of the lever; and although the bucket there is much larger than 
the one in use here, I have observed that the workman was never 
able to empty more than two thirds of its contents, owing to the 
awkward position in which he stood. The machine, from which the 
drawing was taken, consisted of a lever or balance (AB) 14 feet 
9 inches in length. This rested on a fulcrum (A C) 11 feet 6 inches 
high, Th z fulcrum is commonly a tree planted near the well. A 
rod or Bamboo (BD) 24 feet in length, by which the workman raises 
and lowers the bucket (D), containing 789 cubical inches. Depth 
of the well, from the surface of the earth (C E) to the surface of the 
water (F) 14 feet 9 inches. Height of the end of the canal for con- 
veying away the water (G), 3 feet Total height to which the water 
is raised, 17 feet 9 inches. The far end of the lever is loaded with 
mud (H H), so, as exactly to counterbalance the pot, when full of 
