A JOURNEY FROM MADRAS THROUGH 
290 
CHAPTER 
V. 
July 8, &c. 
Udu. 
WulV Ellu. 
Barugu. 
Navdnay. 
useless, and will not even answer for manure. A good crop is 
reckoned ten seeds, a middling one six. 
The management of the pulse called Udu is exactly the same with 
that of Hessaru , but its produce is rather smaller. For seed, the 
grain of both is preserved by mixing them with the ashes of cow- 
dung, which keep away insects. 
The Sesamum, or WulV Ellu, is only of one kind, and is here more 
commonly called Atsa Ellu . In Vaisaka plough twice without ma- 
nure, sow broad -cast, and plough in the seed. In three months it 
ripens without farther trouble, is cut down by the ground, and is 
afterwards managed exactly like the Udu. The seed is preserved 
in the same manner. The produce in a good crop is 20 seeds, and 
in a middling one twelve. The straw is used for fewel. 
Barugu, or the Panicum miliaceum of Linnams, is called Codra by 
the Mussulmans of the south, and Pani Varagu by the inhabitants 
of Coimbatore . There is only one kind. After the heavy rains have 
ceased, plough twice, and without manure sow broad-cast, and 
plough in the seed. Without any farther trouble it ripens in two 
months and a half, is cut down close by the ground, stacked for 
one or two days, and then trodden out. The grain is kept in 
store-houses, and preserves well for two years. It is boiled en- 
tire, like rice. The straw is only used for fewel. A good crop pro- 
duces twelve seeds, a middling one eight. It requires a rich 
black clay. 
The people here know of no distinction in the kinds of Navonay , 
or Panicum Italicum. The ground for it is prepared as for Ragy; 
and when ready, the end of a Ragy field is sown broad-cast with 
Navonay ; the seed is ploughed in, and the ground, which requires 
no dung, is harrowed. It has no weeding, and ripens a little before 
the Ragy . The ears are cut off, kept in a heap for two days, dried 
in the sun, and then trodden out. In store-houses the grain will 
preserve for two or three years. It does not injure the ground for 
Ragy. In a good crop it produces only twelve fold, in a middling 
