404 
A JOURNEY FROM MADRAS THROUGH 
Vais&kha 
crop. 
CHAPTER as the next crop ; but, in order to prevent the lands from being 
waste, the renters frequently compel them to cultivate it. This is 
one great evil of the tenure that has here been adopted, of letting' 
the villages to the annual renters who bid the highest price. These 
men must make up their rent in the best manner they can ; but 
they care not what injury they do to the land ; as, if it be spoiled, 
they will next year offer less rent. By this means, in the end, both 
the farmer and the revenue suffer. 
I 
The Jola is most commonly taken in place of the Valsakha crop, 
and, if there has been a preceding crop of Doda Ragy, cannot be 
cultivated ; as the season is lost, before the Ragy is cut. After the 
Jola , if there be water, a Kdrtika crop of Ragy , and then a Valsakha 
crop of rice, follow. In the course of the two months preceding 
and the one following the autgmnal equinox, plough four times. 
In the course of the next month, after a rain, or after having wa- 
tered the field, plough a fifth time, and drop the seed in the furrows, 
either with the hand or with the Sudiky (Figure 26) tied to the 
plough. Then form the field into plots, as described at Madhu-girh 
At the end of six weeks after being sown, the Jola is allowed one 
watering, and another again in a month afterwards. A Capily , 
wrought by two men and two oxen, waters a Colaga of land, or 
about \~ acre ; but in the intermediate time the men and cattle do 
much business. In the same manner are cultivated all the three 
kinds of Jola that are mentioned in the table. 
A Kdrtika crop of Jola is sometimes taken, from what is here 
called Magay land ; this is that which, for want of rain or cultiva- 
tors, has been lying fallow. On the same year no Valsakha crop can 
follow. The next Kdrtika crop must be Ragy , and that may be 
followed by a Valsakha crop of rice. 
In place of the Kdrtika crop, both Blly and Mohu Navonies are 
taken, and allow time for the Valsakha crop of rice; but they injure 
it more than Ragy does. In the month preceding and that fol- 
lowing the summer solstice, plough four or five. times, and after the 
Navony , or 
Panicum ita- 
licum. 
