vi PREFACE BY DR. HENRY WOODWARD. 
from Professor Owen to undertake the restorations of 
extinct animals which still adorn the lower grounds of the 
Crystal Palace at Sydenham. 
But the discoveries of later years have shown that the 
Dicynodon and Labyrinthodon, instead of being toad-like 
in form, were lacertilian or salamander-like reptiles, with 
elongated bodies and moderately long tails ; that the 
Iguanodon did not usually stand upon “all-fours,” but more 
frequently sat up like some huge kangaroo with short 
fore limbs ; that the horn on its snout was really on its 
wrist; that the Megalosaurus, with a more slender form 
of skeleton, had a somewhat similar erect attitude, and the 
habit, perhaps, of springing upon its prey, holding it with 
its powerful clawed hands, and tearing it with its formidable 
carnivorous teeth. 
Although the Bernissart Iguanodon has been to us a 
complete revelation of what a Dinosaur really looked like, 
it is to America, and chiefly to the discoveries of Marsh, 
that we owe the knowledge of a whole series of new 
reptiles and mammals, many of which will be found 
illustrated within these pages. 
Of long and short-tailed Pterodactyles we now know 
almost complete skeletons and details of their patagia 
or flying membranes. The discovery of the long-tailed 
feathered bird with teeth — the Archaeopteryx, from the 
Oolite of Solenhofen, is another marvellous addition to 
our knowledge ; whilst Marsh’s great Hesperornis, a wing- 
less diving bird with teeth, and his flying toothed bird, the 
Ichthyornis dispar, are to us equally surprising. 
Certainly, both in singular forms of fossil reptilia and in 
early mammals. North America carries off the palm. 
Of these the most remarkable are Marsh’s Stegosaurus, 
