164 
EXTINCT MONSTERS. 
as warm a climate as it now has, so that both animal and vegetable 
life continued to flourish vigorously. 
By the Sivalik (or Sewalik) Hills is meant that range of lower 
elevations which stretches along the south-west foot of the 
Himalayas, for the greater portion of their extent from the Indus 
to the Brahmapootra, where those rivers respectively debouche 
from the hills into the plains of India. It extends for nearly 
a thousand miles, and it appears to have been entirely built up of 
alluvial debris^ washed down from the Himalayas into that sea 
which we have already referred to as having once separated the 
plains of India from the great range now forming its northern 
boundary. The strata thus formed were subsequently upheaved 
to form the Sivalik Hills. Thus we see that one mountain range 
may help to form another one running parallel to itself. The 
name is derived from Siva, or Mahadeo, the Hindoo god ; these 
hills, as well as the Himalayas, being connected in Hindoo 
mythology in various ways with the history of Siva. 
Dr. Falconer and Captain Cautley soon found that they had 
“ struck oil in the Sivalik Hills, or, in other words, had come 
upon one of Nature’s great graveyards, full of material most 
valuable to the palaeontologist — one which, extending for hundreds 
of miles, might perhaps prove to be as rich in relics of the world’s 
“ lost creations ” as the lake-basin in Wyoming, where Professor 
Marsh discovered his Dinocerata and other extinct types. 
Let us give Dr. Falconer and Captain Cautley their due. They 
found themselves suddenly confronted with a perfect mine of 
wealth, in a far country, where the ordinary means resorted to 
by men of science for determining extinct types and species, by 
comparison with living forms, were not to be obtained, for there 
were no libraries and no museums of comparative anatomy in 
that remote quarter of India. But Dr. Falconer was not the man 
to be baffled by such drawbacks, which would have deterred and 
discouraged some men. He appealed to the living forms that 
abounded in the surrounding forests, rivers, and swamps, and 
