30 ENGLISH BOTANY. 
SPECIES V.— CENTAUREA ASP ERA. Linn. 
Tlate DCCX. 
Reich. Tc. FL Germ, et Helv. Vol. XV. Tab. DCCXCIX. Fig. 2. 
Billot, FL Gall, ct Germ. Exsicc. No. 1244. 
D. tauardi, Linn. Srn. Eng. Bot. No. 225G. Bab. Man. Brit. Bot. ed. ii. p. 189. 
Hook. & Am. Brit. FL cd. viii. p. 241. 
Lower leaves oblanccolate, dentate or pinnatifid, generally sub- 
lyrate ; upper leaves strapsliapcd or lanceolate, dentate or nearly 
entire, not decurrcnt. Anthodes solitary, glabrous, with a few 
leaves in their immediate vicinity. Pericline ovate-globular, gla- 
brous or very slightly arachnoid ; phyllaries coriaceous, with the 
appendages spreading, palmate, with 3 to 5 nearly equal spines 
much shorter than the phyllaries. Florets pale-purple, the barren 
ones of the ray not longer than the fertile ones. Pappus about as 
long as the achene. 
In waste places and borders of fields. Very rare. A few plants 
occur along the side of a wall at Vazon Bay, Guernsey. 
Channel Islands. Perennial. Summer and Autumn. 
Stem ascending, 1 to 3 feet high, much branched. Leaves very 
variable in outline, the lower ones attenuated into a petiole, which 
is semiamplexicaul at the base, upper ones sessile or amplcxicaul. 
I Wiclinc oval-globose, \ to f inch across ; phyllaries with the appen- 
dages cut into divaricate reddish spines \ to J inch long, which pro- 
ject outwards. Achcncs whitish. Pappus of white hairs about half 
as Long as the achene. Plant dull-green, sparingly hairy ; the upper 
pari of lln 1 shan slightly arachnoid pubescent. 
The form with the upper leaves amplcxicaul has been considered 
distinct, and believed to be the C. Isnardi of Linnaeus ; but he says 
(Sp. PL 1295) that his plant is perhaps a mere variety or hybrid 
offspring of C. pullata, a species totally unlike C. aspera. 
Hough Star-thistle. 
French, Ceulaune Ji'ude. 
Section IV.— CALCITRAPA. Koch. 
Phyllaries with adpressed or spreading corneous appendages, 
terminating in a stont spine, with smaller spines upon it at the 
base, not decurrent upon the phyllaries. 
