COMPOSITE. 31 
near lion (iold, Sussex (Mr. Borrer); Acton, Middlesex (Rev. W. 
W. Ncwbould), and near Belfast. 
[England, Ireland.] Perennial. Autumn. 
Stems erect, 6 inches to 2 feet high, generally slightly corym- 
boscly branched in the upper half. Lower leaves attenuated at 
the base, often coarsely toothed or pinnatifid ; upper leaves usually 
entire, or with only 1 or 2 teeth at the base. Pericline r 2 inch 
to f across, generally entirely concealing the phyllaries; these 
appendages arc usually fawn-colour, with whitish edges, adpressed, 
concave ; the outer ones often have a triangular centre, and a 
torn or fimbriate margin, the inner ones merely toothed, and the 
innermost of all entire. Florets purplish-crimson, the outer ones 
sterile, elongated, trumpet-shaped, forming a ray surrounding the 
head. Plant dull-green, rather rough with small hairs. 
The only British specimens I have seen arc those from Acton : 
these are very imperfect, but seem to belong to the Continental form 
called C. amara, D. C. (C. serotina, Boreau), which flowers later in 
the year, has the stems more slender and wiry, the branches longer 
and less thickened below, the anthodes and the leaves narrower than 
in the typical C. Jacea. 
Brown-rayed Knapweed. 
French, Centauree Jacea. German, Gemeine Flockenblume. 
SPECIES II— CENTAUREA NIGRA.' Linn. 
Plates DCCVI. DCCVII. 
Reich. Ic. EL Germ, et Helv. Vol. XV. Tab. DCCLXI. Fig. 2. 
Billot, Fl. Gall, et Germ. Exsicc. No. 808. 
Stem not winged. Lower leaves oblanceolatc, upper ones 
lanceolate, oblong, or strapshaped, entire, toothed, or sinuate- 
pinnatifid. Anthodes generally not radiant, with a few floral 
leaves in their immediate vicinity. Pericline globular or ovate- 
globular ; outer appendages triangular, the rest sub-orbicular, 
broader than the phyllaries themselves, dark-brown or black, all 
except the innermost pectinate and flattish. Florets purple. 
Pappus short or none. 
Var. a, genuina. 
Plate DCCVI. 
C. nemoralis et nigra, Jord. Pug. PI. Nov. p. 104. 
C. nigra, Hook. & Am. Brit. Fl. ed. via. p. 240. 
Branches short, much thickened under the anthodes, which 
are very rarely radiant. Phyllaries concralod by the appendages. 
