20 ENGLISH BOTANY. 
latter than the former, so that it may be merely an extreme state 
of it. From the form of C. acaulis with the stem developed, it is 
distinguishable by being stoloniferous, having the radical fibres 
often fusiform, the leaves less spinous, the heads more globose 
and smaller, and the whole plant being arachnoid-pubescent, 
especially on the stem and under side of the leaves. From forms 
of C. pratensis with pinnatifid leaves, it differs in the leaves 
being much more deeply pinnatifid, the segments more deeply cut, 
with narrower lobes, and terminating in stronger spines ; the 
pericline less arachnoid, the phyllaries shorter and broader, with 
dark striae at the tip ; the limb of the corolla more slender, 
rather shorter in proportion to the phyllaries, the style less pro- 
truded ; and the whole plant less arachnoid-pubescent. 
Some of the forms bear a very close resemblance to C. tuberosus, 
but the supposed hybrid is distinctly stoloniferous, as in C. pra- 
tensis, and has the stem stout as in that species, very cottony 
above, not thin and wiry, and not so tall as in C. tuberosus; 
the leaves are usually less deeply pinnatifid and with the segments 
less diverging, and with stronger spines ; the outer phyllaries 
are broader and less gradually tapering ; and the plant has the 
under side of the leaves and stem, especially in the upper part, more 
arachnoid-pubescent. 
Found by the late Mr. S. P. Woodward, in the year 1848, in 
a piece of ground broken up only a few years before, on the farm 
of Mr. Thomas Arkell, at Penhill, in the parish of Stratton St. Mar- 
garet's, two miles from Swindon, "Wilts ; and between St. Donat's 
and Dunravcn, Glamorganshire. 
CARDUUS ARVENSI-ACAULIS. 
Plate DCXCVII. 
Intermediate between C, arvensis and C. acaulis, differing 
from the former by the anthodes being as large as those of 
C. acaulis, and the flowers crimson, the phyllaries green, the 
pappus short, and the stem woolly. From C. acaulis it is distin- 
guished by its creeping rootstock, its branched stem 2 feet high, 
ami by its leaves being less deeply pinnatifid with less divided 
segments — indeed, wry similar to those of C. arvensis. 
Roadside, near Ihirton-wood, Chesterford, Essex; found by 
-Mr. <;. s. Gibson. 
.Mr. <i. S. (iihson has also found in Essex plants In lit ved to bo 
