coMrosiTiE. 23 
entire border. Pappus caducous, consisting of denticulate hairs 
arranged in several rows and free to the base. Clinanth hairy. 
Large herbs with the leaves not spinous nor decurrcnt, the 
radical ones cordate at the base. Periclincs globose or ovoid, 
readily attaching themselves to the clothes of passers-by and coats 
of animals by their hooked phyllaries. Flowers rose or purple. 
The name of this genua of plants is said to come from apicros {arktos), a bear, from 
the roughness of its globular beads. 
SPECI ES I.— A RCTIUM MAJUS. Schkuhr. 
Plate DCXCIX 
Reich. Ic. Fl. Germ, et Helv. Vol. XV. Tab. DCCCXII. Fig. 2. 
Billot, Fl. Gall, et Germ. Exsicc. No. 1904. 
Bab. Ann. Nat. Hist. ser. iii. Vol. XV. p. 9. 
A. majus et A. tomentosum, Bab. Man. Brit. Bot. ed. v. p. 156. 
A. Lappa {Linn.), var. a, Hook. & Am. Bi-it. Fl. ed. viii. p. 234. 
Lappa major, Giirtn. Koch, Syn. Fl. Germ, et Helv. ed. ii. p. 4G3. Gr. &, Godr. Fl. 
de Fr. Vol. II. p. 280. Fries, Sum. Veg. Scand. p. 5. 
L. officinalis, All. Reich. 1. c, p. 54. 
Radical leaves broadly ovate, cordate, repand-denticulate ; 
petioles solid. Anthodes in a lax corymb at the extremity of 
the stem and principal branches. Pericline globular in flower, 
not umbilicate at the base, glabrous or nearly so ; phyllaries 
subulate, about as long as the florets. Limb of the corolla 
campanulatc-cylindrical, attenuated at the base, not constricted 
below the teeth, glabrous ; tube much longer than the limb, and 
much narrower at the base than the top of the fruit. 
In waste places and by roadsides and borders of fields. Appa- 
rently common in England, but I have never seen it in Scotland, 
though as it is marked " S." in Professor Babington's Manual, 
no doubt it occurs there. 
England, Scotland, Ireland. Biennial. Autumn. 
Stem 3 to 4 feet high, with divaricate branches. Radical leaves 
very large, on long solid petioles, furrowed above. Anthodes stalked, 
1 inch or more across, in lax few-flowered corymbs at the extremity 
of the main stem and principal branches and on shorter stalks, and 
sub-solitary from the axils of the lower leaves, glabrous or very 
slightly arachnoid. Phyllaries sub-triquetrous in the middle, 
subulate at the point, the apex of which forms a small hook, 
green or tinged with purple, the outer ones spreading, the inner 
ones scarious and purple, all terminated by a sharp-pointed hook. 
Elowers purple, with dark-purple stamens and whitish styles. 
