COMPOSURE. 15 
III moist meadows. Rather rare ; not extending North of 
York, Shropshire, and North Wales. 
England, Ireland. Perennial. Late Summer 
and Autumn. 
Hootstock short, oblique, with the radical fibres generally 
Blender, but sometimes, though very rarely, they are nearly as much 
thickened as in C. tuberosus. Stem erect, G inches to 2 feet high, 
generally simple, or with one or two branches, with few leaves, and 
these mostly below the middle of the stem. Leaves generally undi- 
vided, merely toothed along the edge, but sometimes the divisions; 
between the teeth extend half-way down or more, so that the leaf 
becomes pinnatifid : the lobes then are sometimes much angulatcd, 
though, in all the specimens I have seen, with much shorter second- 
ary lobes than those of C. tuberosus. The stem-leaves have much 
broader auricled bases than those of C. tuberosus, and all are much 
more arachnoid-floccose beneath. The periclines are more arach- 
noid, their outer scales more acuminated, and the inner with longer 
and narrower points. The flowers are of the same dark purplish- 
crimson. Corolla and achenes also similar to those of C. tuberosus. 
The whole plant is, however, softer and of a lighter green, and the 
leaves are much whiter beneath than in any of the preceding species. 
Meadow- Thistle. 
French, Cirse des Pres, ou a Angleterre. German, Englische Kratzdistel. 
SFECIES IX— CARDUUS HETEROPH YLLUS. Linn. 
Plate DCXCI. 
Reich. Ic. FL Germ, et Helv. Vol. XV. Tab. DCCCXXXVIII. 
Billot, FL Gall, et Germ. Exsicc. No. 2493. 
Cirsium heterophyllum, All. Koch, Syn. FL Germ, et Helv. ed. ii. p. 45G. Fries, Sum. 
Veg. Scand. p. 5. Gr. & Godr. FL de Fr. Vol. II. p. 222. 
Cnicus heterophyllus, Willd. Hook. & Am. Brit. FL ed. viii. p. 237. 
Perennial. Rootstock stoloniferous, with slender cylindrical 
fibres. Stem erect, simple or slightly branched, not winged. 
Radical leaves stalked, elliptical - lanceolate, finely dentate and 
spinous-ciliate ; stem-leaves sessile, amplexicaul, the upper ones 
enlarged at the base, with rounded auricles, generally undivided, 
but the lower stem-leav, s are sometimes finely dentate, more 
rarely laciniate-pinnatifid with the segments pinnatifid and point- 
ing towards the apex of the leaf, upper ones entire ; all flaccid ; 
not undulated, setose-ciliate, and cottony-white beneath. Anthodes 
without floral leaves at the base, solitary at the extremity of the 
stem and branches, rarely 2 or 3 aggregated at the extremity of 
the main stem. Pericline glabrous, ovate-globose, depressed at 
