11 ENGLIgn BOTANY. 
In meadows and borders of woods ? Very rare. Great Ridge- 
wood, near Boyton, Wilts, where, however, it has not been 
gathered for some years, the only living botanist who has found 
it being, I believe, Mr. T. B. Flower. 
England. Perennial. Late Summer and Autumn. 
Pootstock short, oblique, without stolons, but with most of the 
radical fibres thickened, narrowly fusiform, sometimes nearly as 
thick as the little finger. Stem slender, with few leaves, and these 
principally below the middle of the stem. Leaves varying con- 
siderably, but with the lobes of the segments of the lower ones 
diverging at a considerable angle, those on the basal side of the 
segment directed backwards. Pericline -§ to f inch across, by f to 
1 inch long, slightly narrowed towards the summit ; outer 
phyllaries short, tipped with olive, the inner ones with dark- 
purple. Flowers dark-crimson. Florets much longer than the 
phyllaries ; limb of the corolla longer than the tube. Achenes 
cylindrical- ovoid, pale fawn-colour. Pappus pure white, very 
plumose. Plant bright-green ; leaves sometimes slightly hoary 
beneath. 
Tuberous Thistle. 
French, Cirse Tuhcrent. Gerniau, Knollentragende Kratzdlstel. 
SPECIES VIIL-CARDU US PRATENSIS. Uuds. 
Plate DCXC. 
Reich. Ic. PL Germ, et Helv. Vol. XV. Tab. DCCCXXXIX. Fig. 1. 
Billot, Fl. Gall, et Germ. Exsicc. No. 2492. 
Ciisimii Anglicum, Lam. Koch, Syu. Fl. Germ, et Helv. ed. ii. p. loij. Gr. & Godr. 
Fl. de Fr. Vol. II. p. 219. 
Onions pratensis, Willd. Hook. & Am. Brit. Fl. ed. viii. p. 238. 
Perennial. Pootstock shortly stoloniferous, with cylindrical 
(rarely fusiform) root - fibres. Stem erect, simple, or slightly 
branched, hoary, especially in the upper part, not winged. Lower 
leaves attenuated at the base, upper ones semi-amplexicaul, broad- 
based but scarcely auricled, not decurrent, Hat, entire and spinous- 
eiliated, or more or less pinnatifid-lobed or incised; lobes generally 
triangular, entire, or more rarely 2- or 8-cleft, spinous; under sido 
more or less white-floccose. Anthodes solitary, on long stalks, 
rarely 2 or :; together. Pericline ovate-globose, rounded at the 
base, arachnoid ; phyllaries adpressed, with a dorsal nerve at the 
summit, Lanceolate-acute, the outer ones terminated by a very 
short \w:ik mucro, the upper ones sub-searious and purple at the 
point. Pappus plume ;e. 
