12 ENGLISH BOTANY. 
or simple in the upper ones. Pericline 1^- to 2 inches across 
or more, and of about the same length ; phyllaries ciliated with 
reddish curled hairs on the point, which is reddish or green. 
Flowers light reddish-purple. Anthers dark-purple. Style white. 
Achenea yellowish-grey mottled with black, shining, smooth, with 
a small rounded tubercle in the centre of the disk. Pappus very 
long, of feathery hairs. Plant deep dull-green, pericline and under 
side of the leaves hoary with arachnoid pubescence. 
Sometimes the points of the phyllaries are destitute of s^mes. 
Woolly -headed Thistle. 
French, Cirse Laineux. German, Wolkijpfige Kratzdistel. 
This Thistle is eaten when young as a salad. The young stalks, peeled and 
soaked in water to take off the bitterness, are excellent, and may be either boiled or 
baked in pies, after the manner of rhubarb. The scales of the cup are as good as arti- 
chokes. These properties in the Woolly-headed Thistle must be of recent discovery, 
for, to our surprise, we find our old friend Gerarde without a single suggestion as to 
their value. Contrary to his usual wont, he says : " Concerning the temperature and 
vermes of these thistles we can alledge nothing at all." 
Section II.— ONOTPOPHE. Cass. 
Flowers polygamo-dicecious or sub-dicecious or all (?) perfect. 
Leaves without spines on the upper surface, but generally with 
distant hairs. 
(SPECIES VI.— C ARDUUS PALUSTRIS. Liun. 
Plate DCLXXXVIII. 
Reich. \r. Fl. Germ, et Ilelv. Vol. XV. Tab. DCCCXXXI. 
Billot, Kl. (Jail et Germ. Exsicc. No. 1016. 
Cirsiiun palpstre, Scop. Kpch,Syn. FL Germ, et Ilelv. ed. ii. p. 453. Gr. &, Goilr. 
Fl. de Fr. Vol II. p. I'll'. Fries, Sum. Veg. Scand. p. 4. 
Cnicufl palustria, 117////. Hook k Am. Brit. Fl. ed. viii p. 236. 
Biennial. Stem elongated, branched, spinous-winged. Radical 
leaves narrowly oblanceplate, petiolate, crenate lobed, bristly- 
Bpinous at the margins; stem-leaves deeurrent, undulated, deeply 
pinnatifid, with the lobes usually bifid or trilid and spinous- 
fcoothed, with scattered hairs above, and more or less thinly 
arachnoid beneath. Anthodes sub -sessile, aggregated at the 
extremity of the stem and branches. Pericline ovoid, slightly 
arachnoid ; phyllaries adpressed, lanceolate, the outer ones mu- 
cronate, the inner ones longer, strapshaped, subscarious and not 
spinous. Pappus plumose. 
