K) ENGLISH BOTANY. 
Section I.— EIUOLEPIS. Cass. 
Flowers perfect. Leaves rough with small subulate spines all 
over the upper surface. 
SPECIES IV— CARDUUS LANCEOLATUS. Linn. 
Plate DCLXXXVI. 
Reich. I,-. Fl. Germ, et Helv. Vol. XV. Tab. DCCCXXVL 
Billot, Fl. GalL et Germ. Exsicc. No. 3124. 
CiiMuiii lanceolatum, Koch, Syn. Fl. Gi^rm. et. Helv. ed. ii. p. 452. Gr. & Godr. 
VI de Fr. Vol. II. p. 209. Fries, Sum. Veg. Scand. p. 4. 
Cnicua lanceolatus, Willd. Hook. & Am. Brit. Fl. ed. viii. p. 23G. 
Biennial. Stem elongated, branched, interruptedly winged. 
Radical leaves elliptical-oblanceolate, attenuated at the base, sub- 
pet iolate, the earliest ones flat, lobed-pinnatifid, the later ones 
undulated, deeply-pinnatifld, the divisions spinous ; stem-leaves 
decurrent, slightly undulated, pinnatifid ; segments bifid, with 
the upper lobe of each pair usually toothed at the base and 
spinous, the lower one commonly entire ; upper surface clothed 
with minute subulate spines, the lower one rough or more or 
less arachnoid- pubescent. Anthodcs sub - solitary, or aggregated 
in pairs or threes at the extremity of the stem and branches. 
Pericline ovate-ovoid, slightly arachnoid ; phyllaries adprcssed, 
lanceolate, acuminated into a long bayonet-shaped spreading point, 
not ciliated at the margin nor dilated towards the apex, with a 
strong central nerve excurrent into a stout spine. Pappus plumose. 
In waste places, by roadsides, in pastures, and cultivated 
ground. Very common, and generally distributed over the whole 
kingdom. 
England, Scotland, Ireland. Biennial or Annual. 
Late Summer and Autumn. 
Stem 1 to 5 feel high, sulcate, more or less woolly with narrow 
spinous wings. Leaves w Ltfa the segments elongated and palmately- 
clefj in large examples, but short and scarcely even bifid in weak 
specimens. Pericline 1 to 1.1 inch broad by 1 to l.\ long. Phyl- 
laries green, the outer ones with recurved tips, the inner ones sca- 
rious ami m>t spinous-pointed, shorter than the florets. Flowers 
light crimson-purple. Achenes ) inch Long, smooth, yellow streaked 
With black, with a prominent rounded tubercle in the centre of the 
disk. Pappus white, with the hairs feathery. Leaves dark dull 
green above, paler beneath, where they are sometimes nearly white, 
when the arachnoid pubescence is abundant. 
