8 ENGLISH BOTANY. 
sinuate-pinnatifid ; stcm-lcavcs deeply doubly-pinnatifid, spinous, 
the upper ones narrower. Anthodes aggregated at the extremity 
of the stem and brandies, rarely solitary, with leaves generally 
in their immediate vicinity, erect. Pericline subglobular-ovoid, 
rounded at the base, slightly arachnoid ; phyllaries adpressed, 
Btrapshaped-subulate, spinous-pointed. Pappus of silky hairs, not 
plumose. 
Var. a, genuinus. Gr. & Godr. 
Rt ich. Ic. PL Germ, et Helv. Vol. XV. Tab. DCCCLXXX. Fig. 1. 
Koch, Syn. Fl. Germ, et Helv. ed. ii. p. 4G0. 
Leaves hoary-pubescent beneath. Anthodes aggregated. Peri- 
cline sub-globular. 
Var. 3, polyanthcmos. Godr. 
Reich. Ic. I. c, Fig. 2. 
( '. ]M.lv:uitliemos, Koch, Syn. Fl. Germ, et Helv. ed. i. p. 401. 
dtiflorus, Gaudin, Fl. Hel. Vol. V. p. 166. 
Leaves green on both sides, pubescent on the veins. Anthodes 
.regated. Pericline ovoid. 
Var. 7, Uligiostis. Gr. & Godr. 
h, 1. c, Tab. DCCCXXIII. 
Billot, PL Gall, et Germ. Exsicc. No. 2695. 
( '. .icanthoides, Koch, Syn. Fl. Germ, et Helv. ed. ii. p. 459. 
0. polyacanthos, Schreb. Fl. Lips. p. 15. 
leaves green on both sides, pubescent on the veins beneath. 
Anthodes sub-solitary. Pericline sub-globular. 
In hedge-banks, borders of fields, and by roadsides. Common, 
and generally distributed in England; less so in Scotland, and 
absenl from the extreme North of that country. Var. y less 
abundant than the other forms. 
England, Scotland, Ireland. Biennial. Late Summer 
and Autumn. 
Stem erect, 1 to 4 feet high, branched, with the branches 
ascending, with narrow but very spinous wings, the upper portion 
;it Least pubescent. Leaves resembling those of C. nutans, but 
generally broader. Anthodes very variable in size, smallest when 
most numerously aggregated. Pericline | to f ineli across, and 
II to J Long, with the phyllaries rough at the edges, the inner ones 
sub-scarious, and purplish at the point, rather shorter than the 
florets. Florets purplish-crimson. Achenes brownish fawn-colour, 
shining, with rather indistinct longitudinal stria?, finely shagreened 
all over; central tubercle prominent, indistinctly 5-lobcd. Plant 
