120 • ENGLISH BOTANY. 
petiole ; upper leaves rhomboid-ovate or -lanceolate or -elliptical ; 
all sparingly dentate or the uppermost ones entire on the margin. 
Anthodes numerous, in a corymbose-topped panicle with elon- 
gated slender pedicels. Pericline angular in fruit, sub-glabrous 
or with gland-tipped hairs ; outer phyllaries very minute. 
By roadsides, in waste places and cultivated ground. Very 
common, and generally distributed. 
England, Scotland, Ireland. Annual. Summer 
and Autumn. 
Stem erect, 8 inches to 3 feet high, with ascending brandies in 
the upper part. Leaves variable, the large terminal lobe of the 
lower leaves being sometimes acute, sometimes obtuse, and having 
the teeth varying in size and sharpness. Anthodes J to \ inch 
across. Florets pale-yellow. Achenes £ to J inch long, brownish- 
yellow, more or less curved. Phyllaries keeled in fruit. Plant 
green, glabrous or hispid-pubescent ; the pedicels and midrib of the 
phyllaries sometimes clothed with gland-tipped hairs. 
Common Nipple-ivort. 
French, Lampsane Commune. German, Gemeine RainhoM. 
Besides the use to which this plant was applied by old English herbalists, and 
from which the name of the genus is derived, it was at one time eaten as a salad, or 
boiled after the manner of greens. Withering tells us that " Lapsana vivere " is a 
proverb which signifies to live hard, in allusion to Caesar's army, which is reported to 
have sustained bfe for some time by eating the roots of this herb. 
GENUS XXX — A RNOSERIS. Gtirtn. 
Anthodes many - flowered. Pericline campanulate - ovoid (at 
length sub-globose) ; phyllaries in 2 series, the inner row of 12 or 
more phyllaries at length indurated and connivent with the 
extreme tips reflexed, outer row of several extremely short ones. 
Clinanth naked. Achenes obovate-prismatic, 5-ribbed, attenuated 
at the base, truncate at the apex, and surmounted by a narrow 
membranous border or crown-like pappus. 
A glabrous annual, with the leaves all radical, dentate. 
Scapes branched, few-flowered, inflated under the solitary an- 
thodes. Plorcts yellow. Achenes persistent. 
The name of this genua cornea from apvos (orwos), a lamb, and aepis (serin), succory: 
it is Bometimea culled lamb's lettuce. 
