154 ENGLISH BOTANY. 
but remark how groat is the variety of vegetable food employed in the cookery of our 
continental neighbours, who are certainly more disposed than ourselves to avail 
themselves of the natural productions of their country. 
SPECIES II— SONCHUS AS PER. Hoffm. 
Plates DCCCXI. DCCCXIL 
Billot, El. Gall, et Germ. Exsicc. No. 1912. 
R ich. Ic. Fl. Germ, et Helv. Vol. XIX. Tab. MCCCCX. Fig. 2. 
S. oleraoeufl y et c asper, Linn. Sp. Plant, p. 1117. 
S. fallax, Wallr. Schoil. Crit. p. 432. 
Annual, with radical leaves. Stem branched. Leaves slightly 
rugose, obovate, undivided or pinnatifid or runcinatc-pinnatifid, 
undulated and spinous - dentate or dentate, amplexicaul with 
blunt adpresscd auricles. Anthodes in an irregular umbel. Phyl- 
laries glabrous. Achenes compressed, longitudinally ribbed, but 
not transversely wrinkled. 
In cultivated ground, road-sides, and waste places. Very 
common, and generally distributed. 
England, Scotland, Ireland. Summer and Autumn. 
Extremely like S. oleraceus, with which it is reunited by 
Mr. Eentham ; and, were it not for the smoothness of the fruit 
between the ribs, it would be impossible to consider it more than a 
sub-species. The leaves are more often undivided, more rugose, 
from the veins being more deeply impressed on the upper surface ; 
the margins are more or less waved, sometimes to a very con- 
siderable extent; the teeth are more acute, closer together, and 
often so firm as to be almost spiny ; they are of a duller green, 
and often decidedly glaucous ; when pinnatifid, the terminal lobe 
is smaller in proportion, and the auricles of the leaves in the 
middle of the stem are bent down and round, instead of remaining 
in the same plane as the lamina of the leaf, so that when the 
plant is once known, it can be recognized even when not in fruit. 
Rough Sow-thistle. 
French, Laitron Rude. German, Rauche SaudisteL 
SPECIES III.— SONCHUS ARVENSIS. Linn. 
Tlate DCCCXIII. 
BUZot, PL Gall, et Germ. Exsicc. No. 1256. 
Reich. Ic. Fl. Germ, et Helv. Vol. XIX. Tab. MCCCCXII. 
Perennial, with radical leaves, llootstock with very long slender 
extensively creeping stolons. Stem simple, or nearly so, up to 
the inflorescence. Lower leaves persistent, narrowly oblanccolate, 
