coairosnvE. 155 
suit-acute, undivided or pinnatifid or runcinatc-pinnatind, with the 
lobes usually not longer than broad ; middle and upper stem-leaves 
lanceolate, generally undivided, abruptly acuminate, amplcxicaul 
with rather short rounded adpresscd auricles ; all more or less 
undulated and spinous - denticulate at the margins. Anthodcs 
rather few, in a corymb or umbellate corymb. Peduncles and phyl- 
laries with scattered elongate yellowish-green gland-tipped hairs 
(very rarely glabrous). Achenes slightly compressed, with numerous 
nearly equal transversely rugose ribs. 
In fields and cultivated ground, waste places, and by the banks 
of ditches. Common, and generally distributed. 
England, Scotland, Ireland. Perennial. Summer 
and Autumn. 
Rootstock emitting numerous white fleshy subterranean stolons, 
which send up small tufts of radical leaves. Flowering- stems 
18 inches to 5 feet high, hollow, angular from the presence of 
elevated lines decurrent from the midribs of the leaves, generally 
simple, but in large examples, producing branches terminated by 
corymbs in the axils of the upper leaves. Leaves 6 inches to 
1 foot long, varying much in the depths of the sinuations or 
incisions, and sometimes undivided, the upper leaves generally so ; 
margins unequally denticulate, the denticulations sub-spinous at 
the apex. Anthodes 1 to 2 inches across when expanded. Florets 
bright-yellow. Achenes light reddish-brown. Pappus white, 
silky, scarcely exceeding the phyllaries. Plant glabrous, except 
the upper part of the stem, peduncles, and phyllaries, which are 
clothed with long hairs tipped with pale greenish-yellow glands. 
Leaves green and shining above, glaucous beneath. 
On the Continent a variety with the peduncles glabrous has 
been observed, but it has not been noticed in Britain. 
A very tall and luxuriant form, with the lobes of the leaves 
often twice as long as broad, occurs in marshy places and 
by the sides of ditches : this has frequently been mistaken for 
^ * Com Sow-thistle. 
French, Laitron des Champs. German, Fdd-S(mdisteL 
SPECIES IV.— S ONCHUS PALUSTRIS. Linn. ■ 
Plate DCCCXIV. 
'. Fl. Gall, et Germ. Exsicc. No. 3429. 
Ic. Fl. Germ, et Helv. Vol. XIX. Tab. MCCCCXIV. 
Perennial, without radical leaves. Pool stock not creeping, 
without elongate stolons. Stem quite simple up to the inilo- 
