ICA ENGLISH BOTANY. 
probably ought to be considered as belonging to a distinct genus, 
intermediate between the two. 
Marsh Hcuck's-beard. 
GENUS XLL—B. IERACIUM. Linn. 
Anthodes many-flowered. Pericline oblong-ovoid, of numerous 
phyllaries, regularly imbricated in several series, or in 2 series 
with the outer ones much shorter. Clinanth naked, with the 
margins of the pits commonly bordered with fimbriated mem- 
brane. Achenes cylindrical - prismatic, attenuated towards the 
base, truncate at the apex, never beaked, nor terminated by a 
cup-like disk. Pappus of dirty-white setaceous simple hairs.* 
Herbs, with various habit and rather large anthodes. Florets 
yellow, rarely orange-red. 
The name of this genus of plants comes from upa'i (Jiierax), a hawk, because, accord- 
ing to Pliny and other old writers, that bird " was wont to quicken his sight" with the 
juice of the species ; or, Dr. Withering suggests that it may have arisen from the mix- 
ture of black and yellow in some species resembling the colour of a hawk's eye ; heuce 
possibly the ancient curative inference — an approach to the modern doctrine of 
" siinilia similibus curantur." 
Section I.— PILOSELLOIDEA. 
Stoloniferous. Stem scape-like, often leafless, or with a single 
leaf. Phyllaries irregularly imbricated. Elorets glabrous at the 
tips. Achenes minute, crcnulated at the top. Pappus of a single 
row of equal very slender hairs. 
* In this difficult genus I have followed almost implicitly the views of Mr. James 
Backhouse, jun., as set forth in his monograph of British Hieracia. He has paid most 
careful attention to the species of this genus both in the wild and cultivated states, so 
that it is only on very clear evidence that I have ventured to deviate from the limits 
lir lias assigned to the specific forms. His opinions I deduce not only from his pub- 
lished work, but from the large collections of Hieracia belonging to Mr. Hewett 
< !. Watson and myself, which have been examined and named by him. Many of 
filr. Backhouse's species are no doubt merely sub-species ; but I do not feel that I have 
that intimate knowledge of the limits of variation of these sub-species which is required 
to enable me t<» combine them into super-species. The six species (as H. cerinthoides 
must be expunged) of .Mr. Bentham are certainly far below the number of ver-speciea 
ami BUper-speoies which occur in Britain ; but how many there are of these we require 
more careful examination to decide. I do not venture to quote continental authorities, 
as in many eases they do not divide the species in the same way as Mr. Backhouse. 
