190 ENGLISH BOTANY. 
specimens in Mr. Borrer's Herbarium at Kew, from Bath, and from 
the walls of Chichester. 
England. Perennial. Autumn. 
Stem 1 to 3 feet high, hollow. Primary radical leaves small, 
secondary ones larger and more acute, all marbled with purplish- 
black, harsh on the upper surface from the stiffness of the hairs, 
and frequently with a few stellate hairs. Anthodes about the size 
of those of II. murorum, from which the plant chiefly differs in 
having the base of the leaves more or less attenuated into the 
petioles, the lamina narrower, the teeth pointing forwards, the hairs 
on the upper surface much coarser and distinctly bulbous-based, 
the texture thicker, the upper part of the stem, peduncles, and 
phyllaries with more stellate down, and the pericline more con- 
tracted towards the top after flowering. 
Smith appears to have confounded with the plant he has de- 
scribed as H. maculatum, spotted varieties of H. pallidum : the 
Craig Brcidden plant mentioned by him no doubt belonging to that 
species. Mr. James Bladon, in an article on II. maculatum, in 
" Phytol." Ser. I. Vol. I. p. 934, has totally misapprehended Smith's 
species, evidently mistaking for it a form of H. vulgatum with a 
very leafy stem and evanescent root-leaves, as is shown by his spe- 
cimens ; this is an error in which, strange to say, he has been fol- 
lowed by Mr. Backhouse and Professor Babington. Mr. Backhouse 
names specimens of the H. maculatum of " English Botany " and 
of Smith's Herbarium (with which the description in the " English 
Flora" agrees) — "H. sylvaticum, var. nemorosum." 
H. maculatum can be considered distinct from II. vulgatum 
only as a sub-species, but it comes up true from seed : it has been 
cultivated by Mr. II. C. Watson for a long period, and I have my- 
self raised it from seed for several years, without its undergoing 
any alteration, so that it deserves quite as well to be kept distinct 
as many of the species separated by Mr. Backhouse, 
Spotted Jlawhicecd. 
BPECIES XXVII.— HIERACIUM VULGATUM. Fries. 
Plate DCCCL. 
Reich. Ic. FL Germ, et Helv. Vol. XIX. Tabs. MDXXVI. MDXXVII. Fig. 1. 
Back. Mon. Bier. p. 61. Bab. Man. Brit. Bot. ed. v. p. 206. Fries, Sura. Veg. Scaud. 
].. 98. 
E. sylvaticum, Sm. Eng. Bot. No. 2031. Hook. & Am. Brit. Fl. ed. viii. p. 22& 
Gr. & Godr. Fl. de Fr. Vol. II. p. 375. 
Stem scape-like or leafy, coryinboscly or paniculato-corym- 
boselj branched at the apex, sub-glabrous or clothed with soft 
woolly hairs towards the base, with more or less stellate down 
in the upper pari and on the peduncles, and the latter sometimes 
