COMPOSITiE. 205 
slender ereet pedicels with minute bracts passing gradually into the 
outer phyllaries. Pcricline ovate at the base ; phyllaries numerous, 
broad, sub-obtuse, the inner ones broader and more obtuse, without 
recurved tips, dark olive, concolorous, sub-glabrous with a few 
scattered pale hairs and sometimes a few gland-tipped ones, finely 
and very shortly ciliated at the margins. Ligules glabrous, not 
ciliated at the apex. Styles livid or brown. Achenes chestnut- 
black. 
In hedgebanks, thickets, and open places in woods. Not 
uncommon in England ; rare in Scotland, where I have it only 
from the neighbourhood of Cramond Bridge, near Edinburgh; but 
Mr. "Watson records its occurrence in many of the southern and 
midland counties of Scotland. 
England, Scotland, Ireland. Perennial. Autumn. 
Stem 18 inches to 4 feet high, erect, rigid, often purplish, more 
or less hairy, with long hairs in the lower part, very sparingly so 
above, and there these hairs are intermingled with minute stellate 
down. Leaves variable in breadth, in some of the narrow-leaved 
states somewhat resembling those of H. Gothicum, or the broad- 
leaved forms of II. umbellatum. 
Erom H. umbellatum it is always easily distinguished by the 
smaller and less umbellate anthodes and the phyllaries not reflexed 
at the points. 
Erom II. Gothicum it differs by the constant absence of radical 
leaves ; by the anthodes being smaller, and the inner phyllaries 
broader and not paler at the margins ; by the pedicels being more 
slender, with more numerous bracts passing gradually into phyl- 
laries. The leaves are generally more hairy ; the lowest ones are 
L'ss distinctly petiolate, and the uppermost ones more acuminate 
than in II. Gothicum, and the styles much darker in colour. 
Erom all the succeeding species it may be known by even the 
uppermost leaves not being amplexicaul or semi-amplexicaul, the 
phyllaries not paler towards the margins, and the achenes darker in 
colour. Mr. Backhouse, however, mentions a plant found near 
Clova, referred by Eries to this species, which has amplexicaul 
haves and greener periclines narrowed towards the base, which, if 
it really belong to II. boreale, would show that less reliance is to be 
placed on these characters than is usually supposed to be due to 
them ; but I have never seen a specimen which would at all answer 
to this description. 
Erics now considers H. virescens (Sonder) not distinct from 
Broad-leaved Uawkweed. 
German, Nordisches HabichtskraiU. 
