214 ENGLISH BOTANY. 
5-tootlied; anthers free, without tails; ovary abortive; stigmas 
2, united. Female anthodes 2-flowered ; pericline ovoid, with the 
phyllaries united ; corolla tubular-filiform ; stamens none; stigmas 
2, diverging; achenes compressed, each included in a chamber of 
the 2-celled pericline ; pericline indurated in fruit, terminated by 
two beaks, and with the surface covered with hooked spines. 
Branched annuals, with the male anthodes terminal, the 
female ones beneath. 
SPECIES I.— X ANT HIUM STRUM ARIUM. Linn, 
Plate DCCCLX. 
Billot, FI. Gall, et Germ. Exsicc. No. 1922. 
Reich. Ic. Fl. Germ, et Helv. Vol. XIX. Tab. MDLXXVI. Fig. 2. 
Leaves sub-cordate, 3-lobed, with the lobes again lobed, and 
crenate or dentate. Fruiting pericline with hooked spines, except 
at the apex, which is unarmed, and terminates in two straight 
beaks. 
Rare, and not even naturalized, but occurring from time to 
time in waste places and about dunghills, principally within the 
metropolitan district. It has occurred in the counties of Dorset, 
Hants, Kent, Surrey, Middlesex, and Northumberland. I have 
found it on the mud dredged from the Thames, and laid on 
Battersea Fields during the formation of Battersea Park. 
[England.] Annual. Autumn. 
Stem erect, branched, furrowed, solid, puberulent, not spinous, 
1 to 2 feet high. Leaves palmatcly-nerved, stalked, 2 to 1 inches 
across, somewhat resembling those of a vine in shape, rough with 
short hairs. Male flowers in anthodes about the size of currants, 
arranged in terminal sub-spicate leafless racemes or panicles ; the 
female ones beneath, subsessile, in axillary fascicles. Pericline in 
fruit erect, about the size of a cherrystone, covered all over with 
stout hooked spines, and finely pubescent. Leaves rough, dull- 
green. 
Common Bur-JIarygold. 
