198 The Philippine Journal of Science , 1917 
which vegetation occurred in 1913 and 1914. The relative 
abundance of the vegetation in different regions is not indicated 
on the map. 
As the re vegetation began at the northern end of the island, 
we will begin our discussion with that area. 
The northwestern corner of Volcano Island is formed by 
Mount Binintiang Malaqui whose summit is more than 250 
meters in height, which with the exception of the southwestern 
rim of the crater is the highest point on the island. The slopes 
of this peak are very steep, and the valleys are rather shallow. 
Gates found that on the greater part of the slopes and always 
on the steeper ones Themeda gigantea occurred as open well- 
spaced clumps. On the sides of the valleys bushes were fre- 
quently present, while on the northwestern side, away from the 
crater, trees from 4 to 5 meters in height were found. The 
chief change since Gates’s visit seems to be that the Themeda 
has become much thicker and in many places forms solid stands, 
while the trees have increased in size and probably also in num- 
ber. The predominant vegetation is Themeda. Mixed with this 
is a much smaller amount of Saccharum, while trees are few 
and much scattered. Plate IX, fig. 2, shows Mount Binintiang 
Malaqui from Gunao Point. The dark spots are the trees. The 
number of trees shown here is very similar to that found on the 
northern slopes. A comparison with Plate VI, fig. 2, shows that 
trees are very much less prominent than before the eruption. 
Southeast of Mount Binintiang Malaqui is a prominent horse- 
shoe ridge. Mount Balantoc. On the northern and northeastern 
slopes of this mountain Gates found trees mixed with Themeda 
gigantea. In this region Themeda and Saccharum now form 
dense stands, while trees are prominent in the ravines. The 
trees are present in sufficient number to give character to the 
vegetation, but nowhere do they form stands dense enough to 
kill the grass. The vegetation can best be classified as parang 
in which the grass covers at least twice as much area as the trees. 
Plate X, fig. 1, is from a photograph by Gates and shows Mount 
Balantoc in the foreground. Gates evidently meant only that 
woody plants were prominent when he said that this region “was 
largely wooded.” The remainder of Mount Balantoc is now cov- 
ered with an open growth of Saccharum while trees are promi- 
nent in the ravines. Plate XI, fig. 1, is from a photograph 
taken on the southern slope of the northwestern end of this 
mountain. The spacing of the Saccharum and the number of 
trees are shown very clearly. In the distance the grass appears 
