216 The Philippine Journal of Science 1917 
their seeds are distributed, as we have not observed any evident 
means of dissemination. 
Under geographic origin and distribution we have indicated 
species of American origin; species of Asiatic origin; the en- 
demic species; those distributed in all or some parts of the 
Indo-Malayan region in addition to the Philippines ; and those of 
pantropic distribution, including the species naturally occuring 
in both hemispheres and the ones that have been purposely or 
accidentally transmitted by man' from one hemisphere to the 
other. In some cases it has been impossible to determine the 
origin of species of pantropic distribution. 
In the enumeration in Table IV of the plants found on Volcano 
Island, we have included only the vascular crytogams and the 
phanerogams. The cellular cryptogams are for the most part 
conspicuous by their absence. Along the coast a few of the 
rocks subject to the wash of the waves are densely covered by 
a species of Cladophora, but on the bare soil of the island there 
is no indication of an algal growth such as Treub found on 
Krakatau, from which he assumed that the Cyanophyceae, 
diatoms, and other algae prepared the soil for the reception of 
seeds and spores of higher plants. The only lichen observed 
was a single species, apparently Bilimbia artytoides (Nyl.), 
on the walls of a few canons, this being locally abundant; no 
lichens were observed on the bark or the leaves of trees, although 
a careful search was made for such forms. The Hepaticae are 
represented by Anthoceros spongiosus Steph. and an undeter- 
mined form; the Musci by Trematodon acutus C. Miill. and two 
or three other, undetermined species. The mosses and hepatics, 
however, are confined to the damp ravines and the damp soil 
of bluffs near the shore, and are abundant only in very limited 
areas. 
A considerable number of the species mentioned in Table IV 
were represented by a single plant, and nearly every one of 
the deeper ravines in the northern part of the island contained 
at least one species not observed elsewhere. It is, therefore, 
unreasonable to suppose that every species growing on the island 
has been detected ; but it is practically certain that the list does 
include all species that are either abundant or prominent, and 
the number of species not included is probably small. 
In Table IV the species found by Gates, but not observed by 
us in 1916-17, thirteen in number, are indicated by a dagger 
while those observed in 1916-17, but not found by Gates, are 
“ Treub, M., Ann. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg 7 (1887) 213. 
